258 ORNAMENTS OF SHELL. 



to some article, as a belt or head-dress, are the small thin pieces represented 

 by Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20. Still another group were probably strung as 

 pendants; such are shown in Figs. 21, 22, 23, which are made with care, 

 while more common forms of pendants are shown by Figs. 36, 37, 38. 

 These irregular pendants are made by simply perforating, at one end, any 

 piece of abalone shell (all parts of which are utilized), and thus easily 

 making a brilliant and more or less pearly ornament. Many of these irregu- 

 larly-shaped pieces are six or more inches in length and from one to three 

 inches in width; others are of sizes between these large specimens and 

 those shown on the plate. All the forms of these articles are often more or 

 less notched or marked around their edges, as shown in Figs. 9, 13, 35, 42. 

 Another kind of pendant was sometimes made from the thick shell of the 

 Tivola; such a one from the island of San Clemente (P. M. 13527) is of an 

 oval shape and nearly three inches in length. Another similar pendant, but 

 less regular in shape, is cut from the shell of a Pecten (P. M. 13301), and 

 was found in a grave on Santa Catalina Island. 



A number of specimens of singular little pendants (P. M. 13397), 

 unlike any others I have seen, were found by Mr. Schumacher in a shell- 

 mound on Santa Catalina. These are from J to f of an inch in length and 

 about £ of an inch in greatest width. They are apparently cut from a 

 small univalve shell in such a manner as to retain the natural curvature of 

 the shell, which gives a concave portion to one-half of the pendant. 



On Plate XIII are shown a number of pendants of a different charac- 

 ter. Fig. 65 is made by detaching the overlapping thick rim of the shell of 

 a large Haliotis. This form of ornament is very common in the graves, 

 both on the mainland and islands. The pieces vary according to the size 

 of the shell from which they were cut. Often such a piece as that shown 

 by Fig. 65 has been cut into three or more portions, of which Fig. 53 

 would represent one, and sometimes these shorter pieces are perforated 

 at each end. Many of these pieces are ornamented along one edge by a 

 series of carefully-cut v-shaped marks about a tenth of an inch long. 



Another form of shell ornament, and one much less common than any 

 heretofore mentioned, is made from the columella — the central spiral por- 

 tion — of a univalve shell. Such a columella roiighly cut from a shell, evi- 



