264 BEADS OF COPPER AND STONE. 



examples occur as early as B. C. 500-850, a period suggested to me by Mr. 

 A. W. Franks, of the British Museum. 



The early date of A. D. 1500 is connected with the appearance of beads 

 on the western continent, for in that year Cabral discovered Brazil and pur- 

 chased supplies with "beads, bells, and such trinkets." 



The beads collected at Dos Pueblos and La Patera include some inter- 

 esting examples. 



(1.) The first of these is a stout bead of the rare material copper, 

 probably native,* bent from a beaten strip originally 14 millimetres in 

 width, this forming the length of the bead. The diameter is somewhat less 

 than the length, the form cylindric, with the edge of the terminal angles 

 rounded off. Plate XIII, Fig. 8, actual size. Copper beads formed of 

 curved flakes occur in mounds of the Mississippi region, f and in graves 

 in Eastern Pennsylvania. 



(2.) Several dark gray, cylindric, or barrel-shaped specimens of talc 

 slate from J to § inch long, and from £ to § in diameter; perforation from 

 $ to -J inch. Plate XIII, Fig. 3. Dos Pueblos. 



(3.) A single specimen of polished stone resembling a pale-green feld- 

 spar, J of an inch long, shaped like the preceding figure. La Patera. 



(4) Resembling black serpentine with yellowish veins; cylindric, sur- 

 face polished ; length about J inch, diameter nearly J inch, Plate XIII, Fig. 

 7. I have a larger ancient Peruvian specimen (f inch) of polished, light- 

 blue stone, but with the perforation contracted at the middle. See descrip- 

 tion of No. 8. 



(5.) Blue fluorite, some with pale bands; subcylindric, varying in 

 length from -^ to S inch. In some of the shorter examples the hole is coun- 

 tersunk at both ends, Plate XIII, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6. La Patera and Dos 

 Pueblos. Mr. Lorenzo Gr. Yates} mentions beautiful cylindric beads of what 

 he thinks a magnesian silicate, banded or mottled in white, brown, and 



* John E. Jewitt (Adventures, ed. 1824, p. 170) mentions copper arrow-points at Nootka, 1803. 



tE. J. Farquharson, Exploration of Mounds near Davenport, Iowa. Proceed. Am. Assoc., vol. 

 24, 1875, p. 297, pi. 6. Jones (Southern Indians, 1873, pp. 47 and 520) mentions gold heads and copper pen- 

 dants as occurring in Georgia. In a mound in Ohio a lot of about five hundred copper beads were found 

 aud.are now in the Peabody Museum (8992), where are also several otheT lots from mounds in the South 

 and West. See Tenth Eeport Peabody Museum, pp. 60, 65, 1877. Small beads of copper were used by 

 the ancient Egyptians. 



t American Naturalist, Jan. 1877, pp. 30-31. 



