BEADS. 265 



yellowish. With these we may compare allied stone specimens collected 

 by Mr. E. A. Barber in tbe ancient pueblos of the Pacific slope * 



Shell beads for ornament or money have been and are still in use. either 

 unaltered, or ground into shape, varying greatly in length, from short disks 

 to long cylinders, made on the coast from species having the requisite thick- 

 ness of shell, or from fresh- water mussels (Unto) in the interior. Mr. Yates 

 mentions that the disks represented by his figure B (about i inch in size) 

 are valued by the Indians at eighty for a dollar. 



The most popular Atlantic species of wampum-shell was the clam 

 (Venus mercenaria), and on the Pacific the Tivola crassateUoides, of which 

 the former has parts where the white is varied with blue, and the latter with 

 blue externally and brown within, giving a pleasing variety to the resulting 

 work. Mr. Yates figures a specimen (C) made of Haliotis and shaped like a 

 keystone, resembling a mound example in silver (but without a curved side) 

 figured by Brett.f 



(6.) Includes disks about -h inch thick and 1-1 A in diameter of white 

 shell. In some cases the perforation is out of centre, but not marginal. 

 Plate XII, Fig. 40. Dos Pueblos and La Patera. Mr. Yates figures a 

 Californian bead like the preceding, about £ inch in diameter, with the 

 hole countersunk on each side, a form which occurs in mounds in Mis- 

 souri and West Virginia, and Mr. Thomas Masterson (Columbia, Pa.) has 

 it from graves in Tioga County, Pennsylvania.! There are also many 

 hundred of these in the Peabody Museum from the burial mounds and 

 caves of Tennessee. 



(7.) Disks, short cylinders, and nearly spheric forms of shell, the sur- 

 face disintegrated by age (Plate XIII, Figs. 34, 35). In one spheric 

 specimen, about J an inch (12 millimetres) in size, the hole is bushed at 

 one end with a small (3 millimetres) cylindric bead as if to diminish the 

 size as made by the boring-tool. La Patera. 



(8.) Shell cylinders (Plate XIII, Fig. 38) from about an inch to nearly 

 2 inches long and A to tb in diameter; surface decayed; largest specimen 



* Am eric an Naturalist, May, 1877, p. 273, fig. 6a. 

 t Indian Tribes of Gniana, London, 1868, p. 440. 



X See Mr. Stearns on "Aboriginal Shell Money," American Naturalist, June, 1877 ; and Dr. Rau on 

 the Archaeological Collection of the National Museum, Washington, 1876, p. 69. 



