BEADS. 267 



(12.) Akin to the preceding, J to § inch, convexity and concavity 

 greater, giving the appearance of little saucers* Plate XII, Fig. 7. 



(13.) Whitish cup-shaped fragments about f inch in size. Plate XII, 

 Figs. 28, 29. They are roughly shaped from the univalve shell of Olivella 

 bijplieata, specimens of which (Plate XIII, Fig. 66) occurred with the beads ; 

 hole central, varying in size. Similar beads have been figured by Yates.f 

 The shell itself, with the apex ground off, is strung for ornament by the 

 natives of Oregon. 



(14.) Several small univalves (probably Oliva), f inch long, with the 

 apex rubbed off to allow them to be strung lengthwise. Plate XIII, Figs. 

 39, 40, 41. Dos Pueblos. Small allied specimens treated thus are found 

 upon the string in old Peruvian tombs. 



A small Marginella {M. apicina) of the Atlantic coast occurs in graves 

 in Xew York and in mounds in Western Virginia, Tennessee, and Missouri, 

 the side of the apex being rubbed off to make an opening. The occurrence 

 of an Atlantic species in Missouri shows an extensive commerce.f The 

 popularity of a small white oval Venetian bead among the aborigines may 

 depend upon its general resemblance to such small marine univalves. 



(15.) Dentalium indianorum and D. hexagonum (as labelled by the late 

 Mr. Anthony). Santa Barbara, La Patera, Dos Pueblos. Mr. Yates (already 

 cited) figures a species, and says they are imported from Europe for trade. 

 In the Adventures of John R. Jewitt, we are told that at Nootka the ife- 

 waw "forms a kind of circulating medium among these natives, five fath- 

 oms being considered as the price of a slave — their most valuable species 

 of property." He describes the laborious native method of fishing for them. 

 This was in 1803. 



(16.) Apparently very small perforated wampum disks (11- to 2 milli- 

 metres diameter) aggregated in little cylinders, but too regular for hand- 



* The small shell beads, referred to by Dr. Haldeman as belonging to his groups 11 and 12, have 

 proved to be a very common form in California, and the later explorations have resulted in the collec- 

 tion of many thousands from the graves, particularly on the Santa Barbara Islands. From the graves 

 at the isfhmns on Santa Catalina alone Mr. Schumacher has sent to the Peabody Museum (13282) nearly 

 a bmhel of these small beads. — F. W. P. 



t American Naturalist, Jan. 1877, p. 30, fig. G;'the shell, fig. r. 



I See Dr. Eau on Ancient Aboriginal Trade of North America, in the Smithsonian Report, 1872, 

 pp. 372-83. 



