280 OBSERVATIONS OK CRANIA 



of the latter 1,248°°, showing a difference of 124 oc in favor of the males. 

 The largest skull in the collection — Peabody Museum No. 13550, from 

 San Clemente Island — has an internal capacity of l,747 cc ; while the small- 

 est* — Army Medical Museum No. 1327, from Santa Cruz — is less than 

 two-thirds of that size, reaching only to 990°°. Of the whole number there 

 are sixteen that range above l,500 oc , and fifteen that fall below l,100 cc . 

 The mean of the whole, or, more properly, the mean of the averages from 

 the islands, is 1,310°°, which is less than that of the American Indian, 

 1,376°°, as given by Dr. J. Aitken Meigs,f the Tennessee Moundbuilder, 

 1,341°°,J the Eskimos of Greenland, § 1,392°° and of the Northwest coast, || 

 1,404°°; but is somewhat larger than the ancient Peruvian, H 1,230°°, and 

 the Australian,** 1,224°°. Proceeding a step further in our classification, 

 we find that the index of breadthff is .768, and of height, .726, which 

 brings the entire collection within the class of orthocephaliff and of platy- 

 cephali ; i. e., the average cranium is neither long nor short, but occupies 

 the middle position between the two, and its breadth is greater than its 

 height. These resemblances and differences, however, can be seen to better 

 advantage when the measurements are brought together in tabular form, 

 and, to this end, I have arranged the following table, which may be found 



* Check -list, Army Medical Museum, p. 49, Washington, 1876. 



t Catalogue of Human Crania in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 

 delphia, by J. Aitken Meigs, p. 10. 



t Eleventh Annual Report of the Peabody Museum of Cambridge, p. 224. Jones' Aboriginal 

 Remains of Tennessee, p. 110, Washington, 1876. 



§ Check -list of the Army Medical Museum, Washington, 1876. 



|| Check-list of the Army Medical Museum, Washington, 1876. 



1 Fourth Annual Report of the Peabody Museum, p. 18, Cambridge, 1871. Dr. J. Aitken Meigs, 

 I. c, p. 17, Philadelphia, 1857. 



** The Native Races of the Pacific Ocean ; a paper read before the Royal Institution of Great 

 Britain, by Prof. W. H. Flower, of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In this connection it 

 may be well to say that, in measuring the internal capacity, Professor Flower used mustard seed, the 

 Army Medical Museum, No. 8 shot, and the Peabody Museum, selected pease. To any one familiar with 

 the discrepancies in the results obtained by using these different methods of measurement, it is needless 

 to say that absolute accuracy cannot be claimed for either one of them, though all three can be made 

 to approximate sufficiently close to the truth for purposes of comparison, especially when taken in con- 

 nection with the length, breadth, and height. 



tt The index of breadth = breadth * 100 ° . Substituting the height for the breadth and the same 



length 



formula will give the index of height. 



-tt I adopt the classification of Dr. Thurnam and other English authorities : 



I Dolichocephali, or long skulls with index at or below .739. 



II. Orthocephali, or oval skulls with index from .740 to .799. 



Ill: Brachyeephali, or broad skulls with index at or above .800. 



