FROM THE SANTA BAEBABA ISLANDS. 



285 



pared a table of them, and, for the sake of comparison, have included the 

 same measurements upon a series of crania from the mounds of Tennessee. 



TABLE HI.— FACIAL MEASUREMENTS. 



Locality. 



Santa Cruz. — Males 



Females 



Santa Catalina. — Males 



Females 



San Cleniente. — Males 



Females 



Tennessee Mounds. — Males 



Females 



Average from Santa Barbara Islands. — Males. . . 



Females 



Total average from Santa Barbara Islands 



Total average from Tennessee Mounds 



43 

 34 

 80 

 53 

 133 

 77 



101 

 101 

 99 

 99 

 97 

 97 

 98 

 98 

 99 

 99 

 99 



71 



135 

 126 

 135 

 127 

 135 

 128 

 139 

 129 

 135 

 127 

 131 

 134 



By reference to the above table it will be seen that the average length 

 of face* in our typical skull is 69 mm , and that the zygomatic diameter 

 amounts to 131 mm , in both of which respects it is somewhat smaller than the 

 average Mound skull. The gnathic indexf is found to be 99, the nasal J 

 49, and the orbital§ 93, or, translating these numerical expressions into their 

 scientific equivalents, that the face is mesognathic, mesorhine, and mega- 

 seme. || 



Summing up these results and adding those peculiarities that are appar- 

 ent to the sight, but of which the calipers cannot take cognizance, we find 



* Measured from the centre of the nasal suture (Nasion) to the alveolar point. 



t If the index is between 98 and 102, the face is mesognathous ; if below 98, orthognathous ; if 

 above 102, prognathous. In a very well-formed English skull the gnathic index is as low as 92. — Flower, 

 Native Races of the Pacific Ocean. 



JThe general mean of all races is given by Broca as 50. Those skulls in which the index varies 

 between 48 and 52 are said to be mesorhine ; if below 48, leptorhine, or narrow-nosed ; if above 53, 

 platyrhine, or broad-nosed. — Recherche sur I'Indice nasal, Revue cl' Anthrojjologie, Tome I, 1872. 



§ The general average of all races is given by Broca as 86, or mesoseme ; if above 89 the skull is 

 megaseme, or has a large open orbit ; if below 83, it is microseme, or has a low orbit. 



I! These terms are some among the valuable contributions of Broca to science. For a full account 

 of these contributions and of the methods of arriving at the facial indices, etc., see Me'moires de la 

 Socie'te' d' Anthropologic de Paris, Revue d' Anthropologic, and Bulletins de la Socie'te' d' Anthropologic 

 de Paris, etc., in which these papers have at different times been published. 



