FROM THE SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS. 291 



paratively certain by the presence of the two different forms of crania under 

 the peculiar circumstances under which they are shown to have existed. 



While admitting fully this conclusion, and believing that the original 

 inhabitants of Santa Catalina were of a different race from those of Santa 

 Cruz, I do not wish to be understood as asserting that they were of the 

 same race or spoke the same language as the people living on the mainland 

 opposite. Indeed, the evidence of the crania is decidedly opposed to this 

 view, and in this respect there is a very marked difference between the 

 people found on the two groups of islands. Between the crania found on 

 Santa Cruz Island, and those from Santa Barbara on the mainland (Nos. 1, 2, 

 7, and 8, Table I, and Nos. 4 and 5, Table II) there is little or no difference. 

 Practically they are of one and the same form, and belong to a series that 

 may be styled orthocephalic, with a very strong infusion of brachycephalism 

 This is as it should be among peoples shown by their idioms to belong, prob- 

 ably, to the same race. But between the crania from Santa Catalina and those 

 from the mainland there is no such uniformity. The one skull, as has been 

 shown, is decidedly dolichocephalous; and "while it is impossible to say 

 what the typical form of the Shoshonee skull may eventually turn out to be, 

 yet so far as now known it is decidedly orthocephalic (Nos. 16 and 17, 

 Table II),* and differs but little, if at all, from the average cranium of the 

 northern group of islands. This difference in form marks a break in the 

 line of argument that connects the inhabitants of Santa Catalina with the 

 Shoshonees of the mainland, and while it increases the doubt as to whether 

 these two peoples spoke the same language, it does not affect the conclusion 

 as to the difference of race between the inhabitants of the two groups of 

 islands. In other words, the question is not, who were the people of Santa 

 Catalina, and what language they spoke, but, were they of the same race 

 and did they speak the same language as the inhabitants of Santa Cruz? 



Granting, then, the existence of two different races on these two groups 

 of islands, and the question at once arises as to which of the two is the more 

 ancient Upon this point nothing is known historically, and we are therefore 

 reduced to a study of the crania for a solution of the problem. In themselves, 

 as has been said, they do not help us, but in so far as they indicate relation- 



*The Pah Ute are classed as "Shoshoni" on the Map showing the Distribution of the Indian 

 Tribes of California, to illustrate Keports of Stephen Powers, esq. Washington, 1877. 



