320 THE PUEBLOS AND 



Navajos ; and as a proof of their magnanimity, many Navajos are now 

 living in the pueblos, intermarry with the people, and are even admitted to 

 their ceremonies in the spring. Towards Mexicans they are exclusive, 

 and at Isleta they are not allowed to live in the pueblo. Each pueblo 

 has its own art or furnishes its peculiar product. Thus the Jemez do not 

 own a single sheep, but raise fruit and corn. Cochiti is noted for its 

 pottery, the Oraibe and Navajo are the weavers, while the Moqui are the 

 song'-makers. At Jemez, during a dance, a Moqui song was sung in the 

 Moqui tongue, and it was learned that the song-leader of the Jemez went 

 each year to the Moqui to learn new songs, for which he paid "money." 

 On his return, previous to the time of the dance, he gathers the robust and 

 sweet voices of the tribe, when the song is repeated after him until all are 

 equally proficient. At the "Pinon Dance " in Jemez we were admitted to 

 the dressing-room, and the leader was assiduously engaged in making the 

 performers perfect. They are singing at all times, and it forms the greater 

 part of their ceremonies. At Oraibe singing began with the first break of 

 the day, but did not, however, last late at night, as they evidently are early 

 to bed and to rise. At Nambe' I went into one of the houses, and a singer 

 entertained my companion and myself with several songs, each with different 

 words, time, and melody, accompanying himself, with beating on a small 

 drum. One of the songs was so pleasing that I had liim sing it three times. 

 They are keen at a trade ; and, though holding to their price, are not extor- 

 tionate. They are honest and industrious, proud of working, and ridicule 

 those Indians who live in wigwams and are lazy. They are found to be 

 valuable workers in land office survey parties as flagmen, etc. 



That they have a religion of some character, which is in some way 

 connected with the estufas, seems probable. These estufas are circular and 

 are found in all the inhabited pueblos and also in the ruins. They are gen- 

 erally regarded as sacred places, not to be entered except by a few. I have 

 understood that in some there was an inner room, which only one priest 

 once a year enters, and alone. At Jemez the use of the estufas seems to be 

 less restricted than in some other of the pueblos, and has more the char- 

 acter of a council-house. I have heard that in former time fires were kept 

 burning in the estufas, but it may be that the custom had more of a prac- 



