324 THE PUEBLOS AND THEIR INHABITANTS. 



substitute for glass. The huge oval ovens for baking, sometimes placed 

 upon the roofs of the houses, give to the towns a peculiar appearance. I 

 never heard of any metal being found in the ruins. At the Moqui Towns 

 there is a ruin on a mesa. 



There is no doubt that the people were once more numerous than at 

 present ; and I judge at one time there must have been quite an emigra- 

 tion, probably to portions of Mexico. Hosta told us that the Pueblo Pin- 

 tado was deserted at that time. There may have been through trails from 

 these towns to the Pacific Coast. 



From personal knowledge there are indications at Pipe Spring, Utah, 

 of houses built of stones, and Prof. A. H. Thompson has informed me that in 

 the canon of the Escalante, and in the Colorado canon, there were remains 

 of stone houses ; and Mr. Harris, a Mormon — some seventeen or twenty 

 years ago (I understood) — went with an expedition sent out by Brigham 

 Young into the country between Grand and Green Rivers, and found 

 stone houses two stories in height in a country where now there is no 

 water, nor has there been any within at least two hundred years. I judge 

 that just north of the Colorado was the northern limit of this people. 



To the south, there is a ruin at the Hot Springs on the Gila, which is 

 south even of the ruin at Tule Spring and near Milligan's ranche — no doubt 

 quite in old Mexico. 



