340 BULNS ANT) PUEBLOS 



this tribe — six in the Rio Grande Valley and its vicinity, and one upon the 

 Moqui mesas in Arizona How this emigration was brought about was 

 explained to me by Hosta, the former governador (maire) of Jemez. These 

 Tehuas had inhabited San Cristobal, in the vicinity of the Placer Mountains, 

 but were driven off by Mexicans some hundred years ago, whereupon they, 

 the Tehuas, were invited by the Moquis to live with them. Thi'ee miles 

 above the Tehua town Tesuque is a town buried 3 feet below the present 

 surface of the river bank. This stream, usually but a small rill, was once, 

 several years ago, increased to a tremendous torrent by a cloud : burst, 

 whereby much of the former river bank was carried off, and exposed a 

 number of buried houses in the vertical wall of about 20 feet in height. 

 The houses were of two stories, built of adobe, with walls double the thick- 

 ness used nowadays. The fire-places were easily recognized. All the wood 

 found was charred, and it would appear as though the houses were burned 

 before they were gradually covered with sand. It may be that a neigh- 

 boring hill had fallen in and thus covered the houses. In the vicinity, 

 about two miles northeast, I discovered a mass of charcoal 6 feet below 

 the ground, in a narrow gorge. 



Quivira. — This province occupies the territory adjacent to the Manzana 

 Mountains. Here we find the ruins of Abo, Quivira and Quarro ; also several 

 Mexican towns, which, according to Spanish writers, were probably once 

 pueblos {Manzana, Chilili, Tor eon). At Quivira, also, are seen the ruins of 

 a Jesuit mission and of habitations of Spanish miners. When Coronado 

 visited this province, it was, as he described it, very fertile; at present it 

 resembles a desert. 



Cibola. — This province embraces the Zuni towns, of which seven once 

 existed ; at present there are four in ruins. 



Tusayan embraces the six Moqui towns in Eastern Arizona. No ruins 

 of towns are seen here.* 



Aztlan. — This province . embraces a portion of Northwestern New 

 Mexico, the valley of the Rio San Juan and its tributaries. No pueblos 

 exist there at the present day, but ruins of former fortified towns are quite 

 numerous. The discoverer of the ruins in the Canon de Chaco is Lieuten- 



* Mr. Thompson states that there is a ruin on a mesa near the Moqui towns. See p. 324. — F. W. P. 



