THE TINKE stock. 407 



the dialectic affinities of both may direct us after a close investigation. 

 They followed the buffalo herds along the eastern base of the Rocky Moun- 

 tain ridge to the Pecos River,' and then took possession of the arid regions 

 along the Upper and Lower Rio Grande and the Gila River. Before the 

 Apaches were brought on Indian reservations, they mainly subsisted by 

 hunting- and raiding, and through their rapacity have always been the 

 scourge and terror of the Texan, Pueblo, Yuma, Pima, Opata and Mexican 

 Indians, of the Spanish colonists settled in Mexico and on its northern 

 borders. Of all their tribes, the Lipans have reached the southernmost 

 points in their predatory excursions, and are now roving along " the Rio 

 Grande; the Mescaleros and Chiricahuas have caused the most trouble to 

 the United States troops, while the warlike, self-reliant Navajos, numerically 

 the strongest tribe among the southern Tinne, have acknowledged the 

 authority of the American Government only after long-contested struggles. 

 The southern Tinne' tribes are all comprehended under the general denom- 

 ination of Apaches, a Yuma term meaning " men". 



Three of the northern or British Tinne' dialects have of late been 

 elaborately studied and made public by the Rev. E. Petitot. But of the 

 Western and Southern Tinne' we do not yet possess anything besides long 

 lists of disconnected words and a limited amount of grammatic data con- 

 tained in H. H. Bancroft, "Native Races," III, part 2. All Tinne dialects 

 have a profusion of laryngeal and guttural sounds, some of difficult utter- 

 ance; phonetic rules exercise important functions in the southern as well as 

 in the northern dialects. The noun undergoes a few inflectional variations 

 only, but the conjugation of the verb is exceedingly rich in forms. The 

 negative particle to or to .... ta ("not"), in its doubled form, will be noticed 

 in a few compound words of the Apache vocabularies. 



The principal Apache tribes are as follows: 



Arivaipa, settled with the Pinal Apaches on San Carlos Agency, 

 Arizona. The population of both tribes is stated, in the Report of the 

 Indian Commissioner of 1877, to be 946. Their dialect was studied by 

 Messrs. G K. Gilbert and 0. Loew. 



Coyotero, settled with the Chillon Apaches on San Carlos Agency, 

 and counting, in 1877, 1,560. 



