69 



commences its ravages by eating the margin of the leaf or a hole therein. It is pale 

 green, with a brownish head, and is about half an inch long when full grown. The 

 •cocoon (Fig. 30, e) which it spins is oval, and dark brown. There are at least two 

 broods, as I have observed the young larvae feeding (as represented at 30, b) in June and 

 older ones in Octobei', and have captured the imago at the end of August. Last October 

 I found larvae, nearly full-grown, feeding on my trees as late as 12th or 13th, which were 

 probably killed (if they had not descended to spin up) by the sharp frost which occurred 

 on the night of the 14th, as upon my return from attending the annual meeting of the 

 Entomological Society (held in London on 15th), I found the foliage shrivelled and black, 

 and no signs of the worms. They are not abundant enough here to do much harm ; 

 nor am I aware that injuries by them have been recorded in the Province. 



Several species of Nematus form galls on willows, such as N. salix-pomum and JV. 

 salix-pisum. The first, about one-fifth of an inch long, is yellow with black markings, 

 and the larva inhabits a globular, smooth, fleshy gall, which develops under its influence 

 on the side of the midrib of the leaf of Salix covdata. The second is an insect of the 

 same size, producing on the under surface of the leaves of Salix discolor galls which are 

 veliowish, hollow and subspherical. 



The genus Emphytus contains several species, of which one — E. maculatics — is a 

 well-known enemy to the strawberry plant. 

 The eggs (Fig. 31, 9) are placed early in 

 spring in slits sawed in the stems, and a 

 fortnight afterwards the larvae (Eig. 31, 4 

 and 6) are found commencing to riddle the 

 foliage. They are pale greenish above, and 

 -pale yellowish beneath, and when mature 

 are about three-fifths of an inch Jong. The 

 cocoons (Fig. 31, 7) are formed under ground 

 of particles of earth, and the flies emerge 

 early in July. In August a second brood 

 of larvae appears, which pass "the winter in 

 their earthen cells. The winged insect (Fig. 

 31, 3) is black with whitish bands (inter- 

 rupted so as to form two rows of spots, 

 whence the specific name) on the upper sur- 

 face of the abdomen. 



"We now reach the genus Selandria, which is perhaps even more destructive than ISTema- 

 -tus, and of which nearly twenty species are known to occur in Canada. They are small 

 insects of inconspicuous colouring, much like some species of the preceding genus, but are 

 distinguished from them by the wings having two marginal cells instead of one. I will have 

 space here only to mention a few of the more injurious species, and these but very briefly. 

 Selandria cerasi, as its name indicates, is found upon the cherry, but 

 feeds also upon the pear and occasionally on other trees. The larvae are 

 slug-like worms, covered, as are several other species of the genus, with a 

 viscid slimy substance exuded from the skin, probably as a protection. 

 They are tapering in form, being largest just behind the head, are 

 brownish in colour, and are disagreeable in appearance, owing to their 

 slimy coating. After the last moult, they have a clear yellow skin, and 

 are not covered with slime. Descending into the ground from one to four 

 inches, they construct little earthen cells smooth within. Eggs are laid 

 in the leaves about the first of June by the flies produced from the worms 

 of the previous year, and hatch in about two weeks. The 

 larvae (Fig. 32) attain their growth in about a month, and 

 the flies (Fig. 33) issue about the end of July. A second 

 brood of larvae are to be found feeding in August, the flies 

 from which emerge the following spring. The winged 

 insects are of a glossy black colour ; the legs below the -^ IG# 33- 

 knees are whitish, and the front wings with a large clouded spot in the 

 middle. 



Fig. 31. 



Fig. '62. 



