22 



Were it not satisfactorily established that Humble-bees do occur in such high latitudes, 

 one might from our knowledge of their mode of life, be disposed to maintain that under 

 such conditions they could not live. 



They seem, however, to have one advantage over their more southern brethren. In the 

 Arctic regions they do not seem to be troubled with parasites, such as Conops, MutiUa, 

 which help to diminish their numbers in other countries. 



BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF REV. D. ZIEGLER 



BY DR. H. A. HAGEN, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



As I have stated in my notice on Melsheimer, nothing is known of his friend, Rev. D. 

 Ziegler, except the publication of a paper on Coleoptera. Again, I am indebted for a large 

 part of the notice now given to the untiring kindness of Rev. J. G.Morris, of Baltimore, for 

 many years a friend and correspondent of Rev. D. Ziegler. Nevertheless, desiring to find out 

 something more of this father of American Entomology, 1 decided to go to York, Pa., 

 and had the pleasure of seeing his wile, Mrs. Ziegler, his son, Dr. H. A. Ziegler, and the 

 brother of Rev. D. Ziegler. 



Daniel Ziegler was born June 11th, 1804, in Reading, Berks Co., Pa. His father, and 

 probably his grandfather, were born in America. There is nothing known by the family 

 as to when their ancestors came to America. After he became of age he studied at the 

 University of Pennsylvania for some time. Later he studied Theology at York, Pa., at 

 the German Reformed Seminary, under the presidency of Dr. Mayer. He was married 

 to Miss Eve Eyster, and had ten children, of whom two sons are living. Kraeutz-Creek 

 Church, six miles from York, was his first pastoral charge, which he served thirty-seven 

 years. During eighteen years he took care of eight chinches ; during twenty-seven years 

 of six churches. Later he retained only four. Afterwards he was elected to the German 

 congregation in York, which he served about thirteen years. 



During his ministry in Kraeutz-Creek he began to collect insects and to study ento- 

 mology. His son told me that he often accompanied his" father, and that he collected 

 in- its principally by beating in the umbrella, an excellent method, but very little used, 

 as far as I know, in America. One of his churches was very near to Dr. Melsheimer's 

 home. We owe to this circumstance probably the friendship and the zeal for entomological 

 studies of both. To help Dr. Melsheimer in describing the new species of Coleoptera 

 for the forthcoming catalogue, Rev. D. Ziegler published in Proc. Acad. Sc. Philad., 1844, 

 vol. ii., p. 43-47, his only entomological paper, containing thirty-six new species. Hi* 

 scientific correspondence, which was considerable, both American and foreign, cannot be 

 found. His library contained some excellent works, all very much used. When sixty 



3 old he sold, together with Dr. Melsheimer, his collection to Prof. L. Agassiz. The 

 collection was packed up and forwarded to Cambridge by Mr. Ph. R. Uhler, from Bal- 

 timore. The contents of the collection are given in my Melsheimer paper, p. 196. Rer. 

 J. G. Morris writes : " I remember hearing Ziegler say that he sold his specimens of 

 Hymenoptera to a Swiss naturalist who has written upon that order, perhaps to DeSaua- 

 Bure." This may explain the fact that the collection contained only sixty species of N. 

 Amer. Hymenoptera and fourteen from Europe. Rev. D. Ziegler died May 23, 1876, in 

 York, Pa., seventy-one years, ten months, twelve days old. 



" There was nothing whatever eventful in his life, and besides his few entomological 

 contributions, he was nothing more than ;i plain, plodding, honest country parson." — (J. 

 Morris.) 



