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purposes many of our trees are already grown, and our citizens are continually paying 

 more attention to the transplanting of shade trees. The streets in our towns and villages 

 are being beautified and uhaded by elm, maple, basswood, etc., and it is to be hoped that 

 the habit of setting out trees by property holders will become more universal. The maple 

 is undoubtedly one of the most important of the trees usually selected for shade. It is 

 hardy and vigorous in a large degree, and its various species have each distinctive excel- 

 lencies. Its fine shapely green leaf is even recognized as the emblem of our nationality. 

 As a shade tree for our cities and towns it is probably unrivalled, its vitality and robust 

 growth making it exceedingly valuable for street planting. In our magnificent forests it 

 is one of the chief trees, and a " sugar bush " is an object of pride and pleasure (as well 

 as profit) to its possessor. 



I have thought, therefore, that an enumeration of the insect enemies of the different 

 maples may be of assistance to those who wish to plant or preserve them. Fortunately 

 they are not so badly infested as the oak, hickory, pine, and some other species, although 

 the following list will show that they have quite enough enemies. In the annual report 

 for 1872, Mr. E. Baynes Reed published a paper describing eight injurious species— Nos. 

 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 37, of present paper, and notes on these and other species have 

 appeared since from time to time in the reports, and in the Canadian Entomologist. 



In 1881 the United States Entomological Commission published (Bulletin No. 7) an 

 exceedingly valuable report by Dr. Packard on insects injurious to forest and shape 

 trees. In that report thirty-seven species of insects are enumerated as infesting maples. 

 I am able in the present paper to double this list, and had my time permitted me to do 

 justice to the subject, and more fully examine recent entomological records, it is certain 

 that many more species would have been added. 



HYMENOPTERA. 



Of insects included in this order (to which belong bees, wasps, ichneumons, saw-flies, 

 etc.) we do not find that many injure the maple, indeed, only one species, the first of my 

 list, is mentioned by Dr. Packard in his Bulletin. 



1 — (1) Tremex columba Linn. This is a large insect which attacks various trees when 

 they commence to decay, or where they have been injured. Maple and beech appear to be 

 specially attacked by it, and particularly old trees of the former species. The female, 



Fig. 1., measures from an inch and a quarter to an inch 

 and a half in length, and has a cylindrical body, the 

 extremity of which is rounded and terminated by a 

 short tail. The head, thorax, and antennae are rust- 

 yellow, with black markings ; the legs a light ochre- 

 yellow with blackish thighs ; the abdomen black, with 

 transverse yellow bands ; the wings smoky and expand- 

 ing about two inches. The male is smaller and has the 

 abdomen flattened, as are also the hind legs. The 

 abdomen of the female is provided with a long slender 

 borer, which is more than half an inch long, and which 

 projects considerably beyond the horny tail which ter- 

 minates the body. With this borer the insect makes, 

 holes in the bark or wood of the tree, in which she 

 deposits her eggs. This boring is a work of much dif- 

 ficulty, and so firmly is the weapon often driven into 

 the wood, that the poor insect cannot withdraw it, and she remains a prisoner until death. 

 The grubs when hatched bore into the tree and feed upon its substance until full-grown. 

 They are cylindrical fleshy worms, with rounded horny heads, and are furnished with 

 very strong jaws, suited for their work of boring through and devouring the wood. The 

 perfect insects emerge from the trees during August, September and October, during which 

 months they may be seen depositing their eggs in the manner described. 



2. Xiphydria albicornis, Harris. In the report for 1883, under the title "A new foe 

 to the maple," I gave a full description' of the appearance and habits of this horn-tail, so 



Fig. 1. 



