27 



Fig. 6. 



been found at times abundant. Prof. Saunders described the larva in the Canadian 

 Entomologist for 1870, so that it has been known in Ontario for 

 twenty years. When fully grown it is about one inch and three- 

 quarters long ; its colour is yellowish-white, with green stripes. 

 When fully grown they enter the ground and pass the winter 

 there as pupa3 ; not emerging until the following summer. The 

 perfect insect is a beautiful moth (Fig. 7). The front wings 

 are rose colour, with a pale yellow band ; the hinder wings, pale- 

 yellow; thorax, yellow; abdomen and legs, rose-coloured. They fly at 



night ; the wings of the male expand about two inches. 



13. Clisiocampa Sylvatica, Harris. The appear- 

 ance and habits of the " tent-caterpillar " moths are 

 too well-known to need description. 1 have no record 

 of them attacking maples in Canada, but they are in- 

 cluded in Dr. Packard's list. 



14. Hepialus Argenteomaculatus, Fabr. A moth 

 referred to this species has been bred by Mr. Fletcher Fig. 7. 

 from a larva found boring in the base of a spiked maple, — Acer spicattim. 



15. Apatele Americana, Harris, is known as the maple dagger-moth, or maple owlet- 

 moth, and is one of our larger species, expanding about three inches. The fore wings are 

 greyish, with various lines and markings of black and white, and the hind wings some- 

 what darker in colour. The caterpillar is covered with long yellow hairs, and has pencils 

 of long black hairs ; its length is about three inches. It is found feeding in the autumn. 



16. Stegania Puatularia, Guenee, the lesser maple span-worm, feeds on the leaves in 

 early summer. It has been bred and described by Prof. Saunders. About the middle 

 of June it is fully grown, and produces the moth early in July. The larva is small, not 

 much more than half an inch long ; bluish-green, with thickly set longitudinal stripes of 

 whitish and yellowish ; skin much wrinkled and folded. When a maple tree is suddenly 

 jarred the caterpillars may be seen suspended underneath it by silken threads, by which 

 they soon regain their feeding place. The moth expands about an inch ; is white, with 

 reddish spots on the border of the fore wings. 



17. Eutrapela Trausversata, Packard, is called the large maple span-worn, and the 

 caterpillar feeds upon the red maple in July. It is a rather slender " looper ;" that is a 

 caterpillar that progresses by drawing the posterior part of its body up to its front feet, 

 and then carrying these forward until it extends its full length again. It produces a large 

 yellowish moth. 



18. Ohpiusa Eistriatis, Hubner, the maple semi-looper, or banded maple moth, has 

 been bred and described by Prof. Saunders, who found it late in July upon the silver 

 maple, Acer dascycarpum. The caterpillar is nearly one and one-half inches long. The 

 colour is brownish green, with numerous streaks and dots of pale brown. Before pupating 

 it makes a snug little case by cutting a leaf and folding it over and fastening it with silk. 

 The moth expands about one inch and three-quarters ; the fore wings are a rich chocolate- 

 brown, and the hind wings a reddish brown, all having destinctive markings. 



19. Incurvaria Acerifoliella Fitch. This is a very small moth, but its larvse are 

 capable of greatly disfiguring trees, if not of permanently weakening and injuring them, 

 by the enormous numbers in which they frequently occur. During the past two summers 

 it has been very noticeable in one locality near this city. In 1885 a considerable area, 

 probably five acres, of large trees was entirely defoliated, or rather the entire foliage was 

 so cut and eaten that it had a brown withered appearance, as if the trees had died, or had 

 been scorched. The trunks of all the trees in the neighbourhood, not only of the maples, 

 were covered with the columns of these little case-covered caterpillars, and they were 

 thickly scattered all over the ground. Last season they were equally injurious and covered 

 perhaps twice the area formerly infested. I have seen occasional evidences of the presence 

 of the moth in other localities, but it is only in that mentioned that it appears in such 

 innumerable quantities. The worm is only about a quarter of an inch long, but it 

 injures the leaf not only by feeding upon its tissues ; it is a regular tailor and cuts neatly 

 from the leaves oval, or nearly circular, pieces to form a case with which to pretect itself. 



