72 



Ischnoptera Pennsylvanica, De Geer. — Montreal, one specimen ; Abbotsford, P.Q., 

 three specimens under bark of stumps — Oaulfield. 



Temnopteryxmarginata. — Montreal, two specimens under bark of dead tree — Caulfield. 



Fokficulid,e. 



Labia minor, Linn. — Cap Rouge and Port Neuf, three specimens — Provancher ; 

 Montreal, one specimen at light — Caulfield ; Ottawa, one specimen — Harrington ; three 

 specimens at light, — Fletcher. 



A CHAPTER ON THE STRUCTURE OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



BY A. R. GROTE, A.M. 



The Lepidoptera, or Butterflies and Moths, form a natural suborder of six-footed 

 insects (Insecta hexapoda), characterized by possessing (save in the case of a few species 

 of moths in which the females are wingless or have the wings aborted), two pair of 

 membranous wings, attached to the sides of the thorax and covered, usually completely, 

 sometimes only partially with scales of various shapes, overlapping each other somewhat 



Fig. 22. 



like shingles on a roof. The body consists of chitinous or horny rings and is divided into 

 three principal parts by deeper and wider sutures : head in which the rings have become 

 fused, thorax and abdomen in which they are distinct. As we now find them the 

 Lepidoptera fall into two principal divisions, the one the true butterflies (Rhopalocera), 

 Fig. 22., which fly by day, the other, the moths (Heterocera), Fig. 23, which fly chiefly 

 by night. In addition to the scaly wings, the two divisions or 

 groups have several characteristics in common which divide 

 them from other insects. In their younger stages they appear 

 as caterpillars, Fig. 25, having three pair of true or jointed 

 thoracic legs, and this seems to be invariable except in one or two 

 genera of minute leaf-mining moths. In addition they have 

 between 2 and 5 pair of fleshy abdominal or false feet, unjointed 

 and discarded in the pupal and perfect stages. A few genera 

 want these false feet and many have only two pair, so that in 



