79 



-wings (Fig. 38 Pieris protodice, male ; Fig. 39, female) ; the Papilionidce (Fig. 40) are 

 also°oftene.-t black and yellow and adorned with stripes. (See Fig. 22.) The Hesperidm 



Fig. 38. 



Fig. 39. 



are dark yellow and brown, the brighter ground color broken into blotches. In the 

 moths the spinners (Fig. 41) are usually of rich and bright reds and yellows, with trans- 

 verse bands of darker shades ; while the Owlet moths (Fig. 42) are oftenest of obscure 



Fig. 40. 



tints, certain groups which frequent flowers being brighter colored. In fact the colours of 

 butterflies and moths alike seem to be protective and also dependent on the environment 

 of the species ; they have all gradually grown to be what they are to-day, from the total 



Fig. 41. 



Fig. 42. 



effect of the environment upon the species, and interesting facts are being worked out 

 by naturalists from time to time all bearing upon the great question of the derivation and 

 descent of the Lepidoptera. The interaction of flowers and insects forms a fascinating 

 chapter of modern science. 



The habits of butterflies and moths can be best observed in a vivarium, their quick 

 flight rendering them difficult objects for free observation, but their lives are so short and 



