46 



again no mention whatever is made of the fact in the text. We call attention also to the 

 interesting figure of Gangara, a hesperian living open and unconcealed, as I am informed 

 by Mr. De Niceville, and which bears long waxy filaments apparently not proper append- 

 ages, but as long as the width of the body itself, rendering it an exceedingly conspicuous 

 object. 



In the arrangements of families, Mr. Moore follows the rapidly growing company of 

 the best instructed entomologists in beginning the series with the Nymphalidse and 

 placing the Papilionidae just before the Hesperidse. He separates the Lemoniinse from 

 the LycaeninaB as a distinct family, and places the Libytheinse with the Lemoniinse as 

 was done by Bates ; but he brings the Pierinse and Papilioninse uuder one family heading. 

 It has naturally pleased the present writer to see that Mr. Moore has had the courage of his 

 convictions sufficiently to sudivide the old and bulky group so long holding rank as a 

 homogeneous whole, the so-called genus Papilio, into a number of genera, including among 

 the seventeen species which he catalogues no less than ten genera, following thus precisely 

 the line which Hubner long ago undertook to establish, and which I adopted in 1872. 



Samuel H. Scddder. 



The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, with special reference to 

 New England, by S. H. Scudder. Imp. 8vo. Cambridge, pp. 1-40 and 105-208, Part 

 1, 1st Nov. 1888. 



For some months Lepidopterists and Librarians have been anxiously awaiting the 

 appearance of Mr. Scudder's monumental work on the Butterflies of New England, 

 which, as is well known, has been constantly engaging the attention of this keen observer 

 and careful student for the last 20 years. Through the courtesy of the author we have 

 been favoured with advance sheets and plates of Part I, which is to appear on the 1st 

 Nov., 1888. From the well known high character of Mr. Scudder's past work, doubtless 

 much will be expected by the scientific world of this long promised book, Judging from 

 the number under consideration we believe few will be disappointed. No work has 

 ever appeared, in any branch of science, where such thorough and complete information 

 is given of the objects discussed, nor which has been so copiously and accurately 

 illustrated. An introduction treats, with the greatest detail, of the general structure of 

 butterflies from the egg to the imago, and includes a chapter upon their classification. 

 This is followed by a systematic treatise in which "not only every species," (embraced 

 within the scope of the work) "but also every genus, tribe, sub-family, and family is 

 described and discussed with a fullness never before attempted, except in individual 

 cases, including in each instance not merely the perfect form, but, when possible, the 

 egg, the caterpillar at birth and in the succeeding stages, and the chrysalis, together with 

 the distribution, life-history, habits and environments of the insect, in which a great 

 accumulation of new facts and observations is embodied." 



In the «part before us we have pages 1 to 40 of the introduction covering the 

 structure of the egg, the caterpillar and the chrysalis, and the beginning of the descrip- 

 tion of the perfect insect. There is then a break and the pagination continues again at 

 page 105, where the second section begins with a short chapter on the families of butter- 

 flies. This is a reproduction, slightly altered, of the table of classification which Mr. 

 Scudder has already published in the Can. Ent., xix., 201, in which he divides the 

 butterflies into X;/mphalidce, Lycaenidce, Papilionidce and Hesperidce, an arrangement 

 virtually the same as that given by Bates and adopted by Packard, in which the genera 

 (Eneis and Cercyo/ris are considered the highest of the butterflies. 



At page 109 the systematic treatise begins with the Nymphalidce or "Brush-footed 

 butterflies." With this family, as with sub-families and genera throughout the work, 

 when possible analytical tables are given for their arrangement, based upon the egg, the 

 caterpillar at birth, the caterpillar at maturity, the chrysalis and the imago. The first 

 sub-family is the Satyrhice, including six genera, of which (Eneis is described first. 

 Under each species we find first complete and careful technical descriptive details of 



