37 



dull yellow spots. Tho abdomen is dark above but yellow beneath and at the tip. The 

 wings are glossy with dark veins. The males are equally abundant with the females, 

 but are not so often observed, from the fact that they are seldom found on the bushes, 

 but fly near the ground and beneath the bushes as if to welcome the females when they 

 emerge from the soil, beneath which they have passed the winter in their snug cocoons. 

 The females are larger than the males, and of a bright honey-yellow color. 



Fig. 10. 



Fig. 11. 



The greenish-white glossy eggs which are about one-twentieth of an inch in length 

 are laid along the main ribs, beneath the leaves of gooseberries and currants, as shown at 

 Fig. 11 (1). As soon as the young larva? hatch, they at once attack the leaves upon 

 which the eggs are laid, and eat small holes, as shown in Fig. 11 (2 and 3). They are 

 very voracious, and their growth is very rapid indeed, little more than a week suffic- 

 ing for them to pass through all their stages. These characteristics added to the large 

 number of eggs laid by each female, make constant vigilance on the part of the 

 fruit-grower a necessity, or he will find his goose-berry and currant bushes stripped of 

 every leaf in a few days. 



"When the young larvae come out of the eggs, they are about one-twelfth of an inch 

 in length, with large heads and a semi-translucent body. At first they all remain on the 

 same leaf, but as they grow large they separate and spread in all directions over the 

 bush. They are green at first, then dark bluish green, covered with small black dots, 

 each one of which bears a bristle, and lastly, after the last moult, pale green with yellow 

 extremities. 



When full grown they spin smooth oval brown cocoons, which, however, are some- 

 times of a greenish white colour. Those of the summer brood are generally on or near 

 the surface of the ground, but at a considerable depth beneath it in the brood which 

 passes the winter inside cocoons. The chrysalis state is assumed at once in the summer 

 brood, and the perfect flies appear in about a fortnight. The autumn brood, however, 

 passes the winter in the larval state inside the cocoons, and the larva? only change to 

 chrysalids a short time before the flies appear in the spring. 



Notwithstanding that this insect is attacked by a host of parasitic enemies, it is gener" 

 ally necessary for the fruit-grower to apply active remedies. Of these, " white helle- 

 bore " is the best. One or two ounces of this powder mixed in a little hot water at the 

 bottom of a pail, and then filled up with cold water, will give a sufficient quantity of the 

 mixture to sprinkle a large number of bushes. This is most conveniently done with an 

 ordinary clothes whisk. The powder may also be used dry ; when mixed with four times 

 its bulk of common flour, it should be puffed over the bushes after rain, when the dew is 

 on them, or after they have been sprinkled with water. This is most conveniently done 



