40 



ever, the green nearly all fades out and the chrysalis darkens to the tint of dead wood. 

 In all parts of Canada there is only one brood of this butterfly. The eggs are laid in 

 June and July and the caterpillars pupate late in the summer and go through the win- 

 ter in the chrysalis state. The habits of the caterpillar are sluggish. From the first 

 they spin a mat of silk to rest upon when not eating and sally out to feed. When 

 very young they eat into the edge of the leaf upon which they hatch ; but as they grow 

 larger they crawl away to other leaves near at hand, and return again to rest upon the 

 same leaf, all the time there is food at a convenient distance ; when this is all consumed they 

 move off to a fresh branch and start another centre of operations. This mat is so spun 

 as to curl the leaf up somewhat and form a platform, so that in case of rain the cater- 

 pillar is raised above the wet leaf. When disturbed they have a special means of 

 defence, in the shape of an orange forked scent-organ, which they can protrude at will 

 from an orifice in the second segment. At the same time a strong pungent odour is 

 emitted. The caterpillars possess this organ in all their stages, but seldom use it except 

 in the last stage. The food-plant of this insect is very varied. In this district it is 

 most frequently found upon apple, cherry, ash, birch and aspen trees. 



Figure 14 represents a very beautiful suffused melanic male, which was taken in 



Figure 14. 



July, 1888, by Mr. Robt. Mackenzie, at Collins Inlet, upon the Georgian Bay, eighteen 

 miles east of Killarney, Ont. As this is the only approach to the black male which has 

 so far been discovered, it has been thought well to have it photographed and engraved.* 

 The specimen is in very fine condition, the black and yellow clear and unfaded. The red 

 eye-spot at the anal angle is distinct, and there is another between the extremities of the 

 second and third median veinlets of the hind wing. A few scales of blue shadow the 

 spot at anal angle. There is a conspicuous cloud of the same colour between the second 

 and third median veinlets and a smaller one between the first and second. At the apex 

 of hind wing there is a light cloud of red scales, and a slight tinge of red between the 

 extremities of costal and first subcostal veins. 



*The photograph was taken by Mr. H. N. Topley, of Ottawa, by the new Isochromatic process, and 

 the engraving was made directly from the photograph. 



