308 Alexanders exploits on the Western Banks of the Indus. [April, 



track through a rock leads to those ruins which are delineated on the 

 back and top of the mountain. Farther on, on the same grounds, are 

 those of Hira and Badakhel : the latter, being the vastest of all, 

 are assigned to Doomma Padsha. 



3rd. The ruins of the city of Aritchend, improperly denominated 

 Artchend by the Mahometans. They are observable on a height 

 environed on all quarters by deep ravines. They are eighteen koss 

 north of Peshawur, and six east of Fengui. They are attributed to the 

 KafFrans, and may possibly be the Arigceum of the Greeks, which was 

 razed by them, and whose advantageous position induced Alexander to 

 order Craterus to demolish its walls. To the west of these ruins, and 

 on the western bank of the Suwat and Penjecoore united, lie those 

 of Khound, which reach down to the river. 



To the north of Aritchend are the ruins also of Sakout, where the 

 impression of a foot is visible, and those of Diguer, situated on the 

 southern side of mount Malekan. To the south of Aritchend are also 

 observable those of Radjer, or Razor, of Seidabad, and Kalader : they 

 are attributed to the Caffre Farikhi. 



4th. We cannot consider with equal attention the ruins of B£hi, 

 attributed to the Rajah Verrat, which according to the inhabitants of 

 the place were the former sojourn of the monarchs of that country. 

 They lie to the north east of the present city of Achtnagar, and are 

 situated on the level of mount B6hli, insulated as it is, in the centre of 

 the immense plain of Yousoufze'is. There are visible there, it is said, 

 grand traces of massy walls, some basso-relievos, and the ruins of a 

 subterraneous aqueduct, (which conveyed thither the water of the Penje- 

 coore) after leaving the ruins of Radjer situated close to Achtnagar. 

 Directing your course thence towards Booner you meet, at twelve koss 

 distance, mount Mahram which contains also some ruins, and may 

 probably be the Meros of Arrian, which Alexander ascended with all 

 his army after taking possession of Nyssa, by our geographers supposed 

 to be identical with Achtnagar. But what destroys this probability is, 

 that the district the Macedonians recognised with jubilee is not disco- 

 verable in those parts, and cannot be traced out, but in a more northern 

 latitude beyond the Malekan ridge. I must however here remark, that 

 there are several mountains in those regions called Mahram, and among 

 the n j st one in Bajore, and another at Cashmeer close to the city. 



5th. The ruins of Meidan, where a rather unimportant inscription 

 has been reported to me to exist, merit not to pass unnoticed, in conse- 

 quence of their extent and proximity to the Penjecoore. The same must 

 be said of those of Ganchal, situated in the canton of Tal, three days 

 journey north east of Meidan, and twelve koss from Dhyr, as well as 



