338 On Wells used in Foundations in Upper India. CApril, 



The lime in fact is so good, that where well burnt bricks are used, 

 bad masonry is entirely out of the question ; the builder cannot help 

 himself, and for this portion of his duty deserves no sort of credit 

 whatever. 



This stone lime is used universally on the Doab Canal from the 

 point where it leaves the Jumna to Rampoor, a town twelve miles 

 south of Saharunpoor ; from this the marles and kunkur limes of 

 the districts come into use, although the stone lime is brought into 

 requisition on a smaller scale for arch- work as well as parapets ; and 

 in plaistering masonry works it is solely used. 



The marie, or earth lime as it is usually called, is in much greater 

 abundance on this line than kunkur. When extracted from the 

 quarries or pits, it is perfectly soft and friable, in which state it is 

 kneaded up into round balls about two or three inches in diameter, 

 which are placed in the sun to dry, previously to their being burnt 

 in the kiln. The marles differ very much in quality, but all of them 

 make an admirable water cement. That from Jussool, a village on 

 the Khadir of the Hindun river is the most approved of, and is deliver- 

 ed on the works within a circle of ten and fifteen miles at about twelve 

 Rupees per 100 maunds. These marles are full of fresh water shells 

 of species now existing in all the tanks, j heels, and rivers of the coun- 

 try ; those of Melania, Lymncea, and Planorbis being in the greatest 

 abundance. 



The kunkur limes are more numerous in the southern districts of 

 the Canal, they also make a good water cement, but contain no re- 

 mains of fresh water exuviae. 



Near a village called Hursoroo, twenty-five miles to the south-west 

 of Delhi, a very superior kunkur lime is procured — the formation 

 itself is intermediate between kunkur and marie, but the position of 

 the quarries from which it is excavated is similar to that in which 

 all this material is procured, in a low tract of country, the site in all 

 probability of a lake or jheel now filled up.* The same fresh water 

 shells as are found in the marles to the eastward of the Jumna, are 

 very numerous in the Hursoroo lime. It is exported in large blocks, 

 and is sold in Delhi at from twelve to fifteen. Rupees per 100 maunds. 

 The cost after burning varies from twenty five to thirty Rupees per 

 100. This lime for a water cement is very far superior to any lime 

 that I have met with. When calcined it is of a very light color, and 



* Hursoroo is situated on a nullah which rises in the small hills near the Kotub 

 Miner, and flows into the southwest end of the Furnuknuggur jheel. The town of 

 Hursoroo, or as it is more commonly called Hursoroo ghurree. is about two miles from 

 the jheel. 



