754 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. [Sept. 



east in this range, which is far narrower than the great northern one, 

 is generally much lower, and supports no considerable table land; one 

 corner it is true of the table land of Ghuznee rests on it. From this 

 quarter (the west) the acclivity is gradual, but in most others it is rapid. 

 The white mountain high in itself, appears still higher from its 

 vicinity to the low lands of Jellalabad, whence it rapidly rises. The 

 eastern hills also though so much inferior in height are usually steep, 

 and not easily practicable. The valleys within this range are in 

 general narrow. From its southern side, and east of Jellalabad, it 

 sends off one or more branches to the north-east, in the direction of 

 Swad. This minor range which though low is difficult, forms the 

 boundary to the north-west part of the valley of Peshawur, and all 

 the roads leading thence to Cabul pass through it; where it unites 

 with the great range, it is called Khybur, and the constant inhabitants 

 are chiefly of the Upper Mihmund tribe. To the north-east, in its 

 further progress, succeeds the Ootman-Khel tribe, and here seems to be 

 the greatest height. 



12. None of its other branches deserve notice except what may be 

 called the salt range, which proceeds from its southern side in nearly 

 the longitude where commences the preceding, and holds a course to 

 the south-east. At its junction it is inhabited by the Oorukzyes. 

 At a short distance further it forms the country of Upper Bungush, 

 and afterwards continues to Kalabagh on the Indus, and beyond that 

 river to the vicinity of Pind-Dadun Khan, on the right of the Vehut. 

 Its greatest height is at its commencement, but even there it is not very 

 great. In some places it is easily practicable, in others not. 



13. Another range runs nearly parallel to that of 34° in the medium 

 latitude of 32|°. Eastward it may be said to begin at the Pezoo 

 pass, and westward it seems to end near Mookr. It supports the south- 

 east corner of the table land of Ghuznee, and in that quarter is of 

 gradual acclivity and a tame character, although the absolute height be 

 considerable. To the east it is more rugged. In height this range 

 on the whole yield to that of 34°, for it contains no mountain which 

 bears snow throughout the summer ; the eastern part however does not 

 diminish to that lovvness which the eastern part does of the range of 34°. 

 I know of no considerable height it sends off, but we are not to forget 

 that short range which appears to unite its western extremity with 

 that of the range of 34°. It is the eastern buttress of the table land 

 of Ghuznee to which it has a gradual declivity, while to the east it 

 descends with the utmost abruptness, forming a very difficult country, 

 in which live some tribes who quite set at naught the royal authority; 



