762 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. [Sept. 



the lower are level ; to the south it has the range of 34° ; and to the 

 east the Indus. Its western boundary has been already detailed. 

 The Yoosufzyes are a numerous tribe, who disregard the royal autho- 

 rity. 



23. South of Cabul is the table land of Ghuznee, the boundaries 

 of which to the east, north, and west, have been already mentioned. 

 To the south or south-west it slopes into Khoorasan. It is far from 

 being a perfect plain, having many slight inequalities. Proceeding 

 eastward, we find the Jajee valley, that of the Torees, and others 

 proceeding from the south side of the range of 34°, and some of less 

 note which penetrate into that of 32° and the Jadran range. At a 

 considerable distance to the south-east is the valley of Bunnoo, 

 situated between the salt range, and the range of 32^° towards its 

 eastern extremity. It is of an extent far inferior to that of Peshawur. 

 A branch of the salt range divides it from the narrow territory 

 peopled by the Eesa Khel tribe and others to the north-east. It lies 

 on the right of the Indus, and terminates to the north, where that river 

 is closely hemmed in at Kalabagh by the hills. These hills divide it 

 to the north-west from Malgeen, as they divide Malgeen on the north 

 from Bunnoo on the south. Kohat lies still more to the north under 

 the range of 34°, and to the west it has Upper Bungeish, a hilly tract. 

 Both Malgeen and Kohat are diversified moreover with very low 

 hills, which seem generally to be from east to west. Neither are spa- 

 cious. 



24. The Eesa Khel plain is bounded to the south by the river 

 Koorm. Beyond that river seems to begin what is by the natives 

 called Daman, a term strictly meaning the lands at the foot of a range 

 of mountains or hills ; in this instance it has perhaps a more general 

 meaning, and includes even some low hills of this quarter. It ends to 

 the south at Sunghur, where begins Sindh. Like most other terms 

 partly descriptive partly arbitrary, it is not by all used in the same la- 

 titude, and it seems doubtful whether we are to include in it that 

 tract in which is situated Dera Ismael Khan, and which the natives 

 call Mukulwad. It lies on the right of the Indus, which bounds it to 

 the east. The hills are here at a considerable distance from the river, 

 but both to north and south they approach nearer it. The Dawan 

 most strictly so called, lies west from Mukulwad. I know not whe- 

 ther it be considered as extending to the south, between Upper Sindh 

 and the Sooleemanee hills (see Para. 14.) 



25. There being little to add respecting the southern parts of Af- 

 ghanistan not comprehended in Khoorasan, we may proceed to Sindh 



