766 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. QSept. 



Tibet, and hence the objections to the former road must have been to 

 its difficulty rather than its circuitousness. Little knowledge is to be 

 gained of either country, but they are known to be poor. Great Tibet 

 extends far to the east from Kushmeer, while the little lies west 

 of that country. Little Tibet is as yet quite independent, except 

 that a few of the low situated villages are now subject to the 

 governor of Kushmeer. South-west of little Tibet, on the banks of 

 the upper Kishengunga, is the independent territory of the Durds, 

 which is very little known. 



29. The delightful valley of Kushmeer has already been accurately 

 described by Forster. West of it lies the district of Moozufferabad, 

 abounding in low hills, and beyond it is Pukhlee, which consists 

 partly in hills of considerable height, and partly in a plain or valley 

 lying on the left bank of the Indus. South of it is Chhuchh, 

 and south-east Huzara, of which both are plains. The former 

 lies opposite the lower part of the plain of Peshawur, while Pukhlee 

 is opposite to Bhooner. South of Chhuchh is the country of the 

 Khatirs, and beyond them that of the Uwans, Dhuns, Gheps, and 

 other tribes. The eastern part of this Doab of the Indus and Vehut 

 is chiefly occupied by Pothwar, a country now in subjection to the 

 Sikhs, but the exact limits of which are not easily assigned. A 

 range of hills divide it from Huzara and the Khatirs. This Doab, 

 as before observed, has numerous hills, and though low, they are 

 sometimes very difficult. Where they end to the south begins the 

 country of Mohummud Khan of Lya, which is here sandy and ap- 

 proaching to a desert. This and the other tracts as far as the mouth 

 of the Indus are sometimes known by the name of Lumha, which 

 means in the local dialect, 'south/ The territories of Mohummud on 

 this side the Indus consist of high sands more remote from the river, 

 and a lower and more fertile tract by its banks. The former is 

 named Thul, the latter Kuchhee, both descriptive terms. Of the 

 Kuchhee the southern part at least must be considered as in Sindh. 

 Towards the angle of this Doab to the south the Thul is lost, and all 

 the lands are low, moist, and fertile. 



30. The whole of this Doab of the Vehut and Indus has now 

 no name in general use. That of Sindhsagur given it by Akbar, is 

 known only to the readers of the Ayeen Akbery, nor are any of the 

 names given by him to the Doabs of the Punjab in common use. It 

 seems doubtful whether that of the Vehut and Indus is to be 

 considered as part of the Punjab, which many consider as restricted to 

 the space included between the Vehut and Sutluj. To the south-west it 



