770 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. (JSept. 



36. By far the greatest tributary of the Indus from the right is the 

 river running under Ukora and Noushuhra in the plain of Peshawur. 

 Captain Wilford has called it the Lundkee Sindh, or little Sindh, a 

 term partially used in the country; but it is to be regretted that in this 

 as in very many other cases, rivers have no proper names as such, and 

 distinct from the towns which may be on their banks. This river joins 

 the Indus less than a mile above Attoc, but on the opposite side. It 

 does not appear probable that it has ever passed under the name of 

 the river of Attoc. Before the junction both rivers are fordable, but 

 after it no longer so. The Indus is the larger in quantity of water as 

 being more rapid, but the channels seem equal. The Ukora river 

 drains a very extensive and various country. Its sources may be di- 

 vided into western and northern. The most remote of the western 

 are in the mountains which bound the valley of Cabul, which is 

 watered by three principal streams. The least which rises to the south 

 or south-western runs through the capital ; there afterwards joins it an- 

 other from Ghorbund, and still lower that of Punjsher, the largest 

 of the three, and which rises in Hindookoosh ; other small streams con- 

 tribute their waters from the right and left, but the rapidity is such 

 that with all these additions the river is not navigable even by rafts 

 until it join the stream of Lughman, which rises in the Kaper moun- 

 tains to the north, and intersects that province. Although probably 

 inferior in quantity of water, a gentler current admits of navigation 

 on it by rafts before the junction. 



37. Five miles east of Jellalabad joins from the north the Kashkar 

 river, which is a rapid stream, and supposed to contribute three times 

 the quantity of water brought by the united rivers of Cabul and 

 Lughman ; for about fifty-four miles the navigation of the river formed- 

 of these three streams is interrupted by no obstacle, yet are boats 

 used in one place only (Dhukka) and there for ferrying merely ; for 

 about thirty-two miles further, to Micknee, occur at intervals, rocks, 

 whirlpools, and cataracts, which are reckoned up to the number of 

 thirty-two. The river in this space pierces the secondary range of 

 hills already mentioned (see para. 11.) A passage down the river is at 

 no season impracticable on rafts, but it is safest in the flood season, for 

 although the violence of the stream be then increased, greater depth of 

 water removes all danger arising from many of the rocks. The upper 

 Mihmunds who live chiefly on the left of the river along this dangerous 

 tract, take advantage of the difficulties of the traveller to rob him or 

 extort a ransom. 



38. From Micknee to the Indus the river flows with a. moderate 



