J 839.] Lieut Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. 771 



current through the valley of Peshawur, which it fertilizes. A short 

 distance below Micknee it divides into two branches ; the lesser, usually 

 called the Shuhalum river from a village of that name, passes only 

 four miles to the north of Peshawur. It unites twenty-five miles in 

 a straight line from the point of division with the Hadezy or other 

 branch, which had previously received from the north-east the river of 

 Swad, inferior to itself. The river is now completely formed, and pro- 

 ceeds to the Indus a distance of thirty-five miles. It divides (though 

 not exactly) the Yoosufzyes to the north from the Khutuks and other 

 obedient tribes to the south. The Mihmudzy tribe inhabit chiefly the 

 district of Hushtungur, lying on the left bank of the Swad river. In 

 the Doab between it and the Hadezy live the Gugeeanees, and the 

 upper Mihmunds and Ootman-Khel tribe bound them to the north 

 and west. In the island of Hadezy and Shuhalum live the Daoodzyes ; 

 south of them and the Shuhalum are the Khuleels, who live chiefly to 

 the west of Peshawur, and the lower Mihmunds who live chiefly to 

 the east of it; to the east of them are the northern Khutuks. The 

 people of the south of the plain draw but little water for irrigation 

 from the river ; their neighbourhood to Peshawur and the great 

 road exposes them to oppression and military rapine. The canals 

 which formerly existed are now in a state of complete or partial decay. 

 The Boodhunee however which rises from springs in the plain is 

 increased to twice its natural size by the introduction of water from 

 the Shuhalum. The Bara is a more important stream, though in size 

 very inconsiderable. It rises to the south-west in Teera, a well peopled 

 district, situated high on the range of 34°, and diversified with hill 

 and plain; whatever is suffered by the Afreedees, or people of that 

 country, to flow to the plain, is by the government appropriated in the 

 following manner — A certain quantity reckoned by the number of 

 mills it can (if required) turn is taken for the use of the city and 

 gardens of Peshawur. The remainder is to be equally divided be- 

 tween the lower Mihmunds and the Khuleels, but no rule has been 

 established which does not give rise to unceasing jealousies and sus- 

 picions between these two parties, which often break forth into open 

 war. 



39. If computed from its western sources to its mouth, the general 

 course of the Ukora river is a little to the south of east, according 

 to the direction of the range of 34°, and in length, in a strait line, 

 about 200 miles ; but its greatest streams come from the north. The 

 Kashkar river rises remote in the table land. Before piercing the 

 great northern range it receives from the east the Sheesa, which rises 



