772 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. £Sept, 



behind them, contrary to the Ubaseen. After crossing the line of the 

 great northern range it still remains hemmed in by its branches 

 (see para. 6) and continues to its mouth a rapid stream. It is navi- 

 gable for rafts only as far as Asmar, seventy-five miles from its mouth ; 

 thence upwards it is exceedingly rocky. In the ebb season it is 

 fordable by horsemen in various places, and in some, a party of men on 

 foot, by joining hands, can with difficulty cross it. At Chughsuraee it 

 receives from the right the stream of Pech, running in a valley of 

 that name, through which leads a road north-west to Budukhshan. 

 The other northern stream is that of Swad, which has a general 

 course from the north-east. Arrived in the plains it is joined in 

 the north-west by the inferior stream of Punjkora. They unite 

 near Khizree Khel, forty miles from Peshawur. 



40. The other additions to the Indus are but inconsiderable. 

 Pukhlee and Bhooner have their rivulets and torrents, and in the 

 former may be noticed the fern much used in agriculture. The 

 Huro rising in the territory of the Gakhurs (see para. 16) intersects 

 Huzara and part of Chhuchh, but leaving it falls into the Indus 

 between Attoc and Neelab, in the country of the Khutuks. The 

 Swan, a much superior stream, rises in the district of Moozufferabad, 

 and passing through Pothwar and some other districts of that 

 Doab joins the Indus some miles above Kalabagh. The To rising 

 in upper Bungush and Teera, waters Kohat and falls into the Indus 

 after a short course. Malgeen has its rivulet. Bunnoo is well watered 

 by the Koorm. This river has very numerous sources draining the 

 left of the salt range, part of the left of that of 34°, the Jadran 

 range, and the right of that of 32^°. Perhaps the chief is that which 

 is traced to the White mountain, in which case the Koorm has a course 

 from north-west to south-east. Its greatest tributary is the Gum- 

 beela, rising in the western part of the range of 32^°; even at its 

 mouth the Koorm is but a small river, and probably discharges not 

 more than a tenth of the water discharged by the Ukora river. Still 

 less is the Gomul, whose course is near the south or right of the 

 range of 321°. It does not in ordinary times reach the Indus, but 

 is expended in the agriculture of the Daman. After heavy rains 

 however it exceeds the demands made on it, and spreads itself over 

 the Daman and Mukulwad on its way to the Indus. 



41. In Afghanistan, south of the Gomul, and in the whole of 

 Bulochistan is no stream of magnitude or whose waters reach the sea; 

 it is in like manner with the Persian Khoorasan; but in the Afghan 

 Khoorasan are some considerable ones. The greatest is the Kelbund 



