1839.] Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. 781 



the seat of the most intolerable heat, because situated not far from 

 temperate climates, and still the annual heat be under that of Delhi. 



50. Bajour and Punjkora are considerably cooler in summer and 

 colder in winter than Peshawur; a winter does not pass without a fall 

 of snow, which is perhaps not melted in less than two days, sometimes 

 a much longer space. Even in Koonar snow falls, though it soon melts 

 except in the shade. Lughman is warmer in a small degree than 

 Koonar, and Jellalabad than Lughman. These positions are to be 

 understood of the plains only of these countries ; the hills and moun- 

 tains are cooler than they, and in a degree proportionate to their 

 height. But during the summer there is generated the most excessive 

 heat among the low hills of the Turnkzy tribe of the upper Mihmunds, 

 which from their bareness and dryness are commonly called the Be- 

 doulut hills. Kohat is supposed to be a little cooler than Peshawur, 

 and Malgeen is probably of a temperature the same as that of Kohat. 

 Bunnoo and Eesa-Khel cannot be very different. The plains of 

 Chhuchh-Huzara and Pukhlee are probably a little cooler than that 

 part of the plain of Peshawur in which the city is situated. Moozuf- 

 ferabad is cooler than they, but is still to be pronounced a warm 

 climate. Snow falls in Khanpoor of the Gukhurs. The more southern 

 parts of this Doab are warmer. 



51. The nether part of the Punjab, which includes Mooltan, is far 

 warmer than the upper, and that for several reasons — a lower latitude, 

 rains much more scanty, and the greater distance of cold mountains. 

 The winter in Mooltan seems severer than in our provinces, and as in 

 Bengal is accompanied with mists. The summer-heat, on the other 

 hand, is probably greater. Mooltan, Seeweestan, and the Daman, are 

 proverbial for heat. The nether Sindh is perhaps cooler, although situ- 

 ated more to the south, because it has more abundant rains. Its sum- 

 mer is certainly far cooler, being moderated by the neighbourhood of 

 the sea; but, on the other hand, the same circumstance abates the 

 cold of its winter. Notwithstanding its lowness, and probably mois- 

 ture, the climate is much commended, especially in the southern parts. 

 The country of Kuchh and the coasts of Bulochistan have a similar 

 climate, neither hot in summer nor cold in winter. Kirachee is re- 

 presented as unhealthy. The interior of Bulochistan is in general a 

 hot country, but when the hills rise to a considerable height the 

 climate becomes temperate. In Kilat snow lies on the ground 

 during the greater part of winter; the summer however is warm. 

 There are some inhabited places even colder than this in Bulochistan, 

 on the whole however that countrv must be described as a warm one. 



