1839.] Extracts from the Mo/iit. 825 



multiply with eleven, the result of the multiplication is called 

 Mahssool (product) ; the rest multiply with seven, throw away 30, 

 divide what remains with 60, subtract the quotient from the Mahssool, 

 the remainder is the fundament of fundaments. 



^ i This is the fundament of the Solar, Roman, and 

 U"3** U" Coptic year. Another way to find out this fun- 



dament is the following. You must multiply (after having thrown 

 away from the year of the Hedjrat the hundred ci/U and the odd 

 number) the remainder with 10. This is also called Mahs- 

 sool The remaining 50 you multiply with 3, the result of this 

 question you add to 30, divide the whole, whatever it may be, 

 with 60, add the quotient to the Mahssool, and you have then 

 the fundament of fundaments ; if this number exceeds the num- 

 ber of the solar year, this must be subtracted, and the remainder 

 is the fundament of fundaments. For example, if of the year 961 

 you wish to find the fundament of the Solar, Roman, and Coptic year, 

 you throw away the hundred and odd number so that 60 remains ; 

 multiply with 11, the product is 660, multiplying this with 7, you 

 obtain 420, throw away 30, and divide the remaining 390 with 60, 

 the quotient 6J is reckoned as seven; because the half and what is 

 beyond is reckoned as one, and what is below the half is not reckoned 

 at all ; subtract this seven from the Mahssool, the remainder is 653. 

 Subtracting from this sum the solar year you obtain 288, which is the 

 fundament of fundaments. The second method is as follows ; — of the 

 year 961 you throw away the hundred and unity, multiply the re- 

 maining 60 with *J0, this gives the Mahssool 600 ; multiply this with 

 53 you obtain 3180, add to it 30 it makes 3210, which sum divided 

 by 60 gives the quotient 53, adding this to the Mahssool you get 

 653, of which subtracting the solar year you have 288, the fundament 

 of fundaments. 



Section IV. Of the method to know the Solar, that is to say 

 Zodiacal, year. 



The beginning of it is the entry of the sun into Aries, which is 

 called Nawroozi Sultauni, that is the Sultanic new year. Be it 

 known to you that the first day of Nawrooz is the same day (of the 

 week) which follows the next Nawrooz ; for example, if the Nawrooz 

 falls on Saturday, it will fall the next time on Sunday, and in in- 

 tercalar years one day more, on Monday. Be it also known to you 

 that the Nawrooz Sultauni and the intercalar year are not the 



