948 Journal of a trip through Kunawur. [Nov. 



and we consequently find from the measurements of the enterprising 

 traveller already mentioned, that the general breadth of the Spiti 

 was from 258 to 274 feet across. 



In October, he states the quantity of water to be less than that of 

 the Sutledge, which being the season when the rigors of winter have 

 begun in Spiti, is exactly a result corresponding to the information 

 derived from the inhabitants of the district. 



After the waters of the Spiti and Paratee rivers have united to form 

 the Lee, the Tartars usually apply to it the name of " Singpho," 

 which in their language appears to signify " a river" ; while smaller 

 streams and muddees, are called "Rokpho," or nullahs. Each river 

 is therefore distinguished by the name of the country through 

 which it flows, or sometimes even by that of a village on its 

 banks. Thus the Lee evidently derives its name from the village of 

 Leeo, and is the " Lee-ka-Singpho"; the Paratee, rising from lake 

 Chummor-rareel, and flowing through Chinese Tartary, is called the 

 " Cheen-ka-Singpho," or f 'Para-ka-Singpho," derived from the Para or 

 Paralassa mountains ; and the Spiti is the " Spiti-ka-Singpho." The 

 word Para signifies lofty, and thus Paratee is literally, ei Lofty- 

 water," or a " river of high source," " tee" signifying water in Ku- 

 nawur. Paralassa would therefore appear to signify a lofty moan- 

 tain range, as " Kylas" is known to signify lofty peaks in Kunawur. 

 The Lingtee, a minor stream which joins the Spiti above Dunkur, but 

 of which Gerard makes no mention ; and the " Gew" flowing down 

 from Chinese Tartary into the Spiti below Larree, receive the names 

 of " Lingtee-ka-Rokpho" and " Gew-ka-Rokpho" both derived from 

 villages on their banks. After resting awhile beneath the shade of an 

 overhanging rock and refreshing myself with a few hard biscuits, and 

 a drauhgt from the turbid stream, we again set ourselves in motion, and 

 a walk of two or three miles brought us to an extensive piece of level 

 ground, where the guide said we were to encamp, and accordingly we 

 halted, right glad to get a rest and shelter from the sun, in the shade 

 of the rocks around us. 



Creeping into the caves which are scooped out by the wandering 

 shepherds as a place of shelter for the night, most of the party soon 

 fell fast asleep, for we had travelled several miles in a temperature of 

 120°, and the glare from the rapid waters below our path, in con- 

 junction with the heat from the rocks, tended to induce a feeling of 

 langor and fatigue, which from the proximity of the snow on the 

 heights above us, we had little expected to feel. We had thus wiled 

 away about two hours in the arms of Morpheus, when we were aroused 



