104(j Remarks on the Geology, tyc [Dec. 



from Bhar towards the Fir-tree Bungalow, we meet with much trap 

 (greenstone) breaking through in every direction, and altering the 

 Neptunian secondary strata, rendering their examination rather intri- 

 cate. In proceeding from Subathoo to the eastward, towards the village 

 of Draw, we have a fine example of the coal formation presented ; 

 opposite to this village we meet with limestone dipping to the S.W. un- 

 der an angle of about 50°. Resting upon it, there is a bed of slate clay, 

 and upon it, another bed of limestone ; proceeding towards the west- 

 ward we meet with sandstone, and resting upon it limestone ; succeed- 

 ing it, slate clay and bituminous shale. At the village of Koli we 

 again meet with limestone, and as we proceed, following the same 

 route, passing the villages of Benti, Rugg, Gegutkun, Shulkiali to 

 Boag, we meet with other ten similar alternations, (see Sec. II). 

 The beds have all the same dip, the angle varying from 25° to 56°. 

 At Draw there is a water-fall, which is precipitated over the lime™ 

 stone cliffs. The whole face of the cliffs here, and along the route just 

 mentioned, having a height varying from about 150 to 200 feet, are 

 more or less covered with calcareous sinter and tuffa, shewing, as these 

 minerals are deposited from water, that water-falls must at one time 

 have been general in this district. Resting upon the limestone at 

 Draw, and in one or two other localities, we meet with an extraordi- 

 nary alluvial conglomerate, composed of small angular fragments of 

 limestone, slate clay, bituminous shale and sandstone, held together 

 by calcareous matter deposited from the water ; whether the calcareous 

 matter is deposited by springs issuing from the limestone rock, we 

 are unable to state, our examination being of such a cursory nature ; 

 it is however more than probable. To account for goitre, various 

 theories have been proposed, and the one, viz., that it is owing to 

 mineral matter (lime) contained in the water of which the inhabi- 

 tants drink, has been adopted, and strongly advocated by many 

 medical men in this country. According to this theory it ought to be 

 very prevalent in this neighbourhood. That this explanation will 

 account for the disease in many localities, is no doubt probable; but 

 how are we to explain its occurrence, and that too, to a great extent 

 in primitive districts, where the only rocks met with are gneiss, mica, 

 slate, clay slate, and granite, and in all the springs in which no lime 

 has been detected ; moreover, in many districts in Britain and on the 

 continent of Europe, composed entirely of limestone, and in whose 

 springs lime abounds, goitre is unknown. We shall afterwards enter 

 fully upon the subject, when we have examined among the Himmaleh 

 districts, similar to the above, of which there arc no doubt many. In 



