1839.] of the country extending between Bhar and Simla. 1053 



in the rose quartz* met with in Bavaria, Saxony, &c. That the quartz 

 rock owes its formation in many places to Plutonian action, is fully 

 proved by the observations already made, and by many other sections 

 not yet noticed. Probably the best to illustrate this, is to be met with 

 on the road leading from the small church of Simla down to the river 

 torrent. Here we have a large dyke of quartz rock, cutting through 

 the slate, and altering it; superimposed there is a large mass of slate 

 lying upon the outcrop of the dyke, unconformable to the other slate, 

 and at the same time converted into a highly crystalline mass, which 

 seems to have been torn off from the subjacent rock at the time when 

 the quartz rock came from below (see section VI.) ; moreover to meet 

 with large masses of slate imbedded in the quartz rock, is not an 

 uncommon occurrence. In the Simla road, immediately above the 

 cantonments of the Goorka battalion, there is a good example. The 

 alteration, shifts, &c, met with in the clay slate when near the 

 quartz rock (see section VII.), is also another proof of the existence of 

 Plutonian action, and moreover we find it passing imperceptibly in 

 the new road, or Auckland Road, into syenite. Here also imbedded 

 in the quartz rock, we frequently meet with veins of quartz of a 

 much whiter colour, pointing out in a striking manner the shifts which 

 have taken place (see section VIII.) That however in other places it 

 is Neptunian deposition, is evident from its regularly stratified form, 

 and at the same time when in contact, not altering the clay slate. 



The last rock we have to notice is Syenite. It occurs in only one 

 locality, in the form of a large amorphous dyke, intersecting and 

 altering the clay sl?te, it passes gradually into quartz rock. In 

 structure it is small, granular, and is composed of quartz and horn- 

 blende, the former of a greyish white, the latter of a leek green colour. 

 As we have not examined sufficiently minute the trapst mentioned, 

 we shall take another opportunity of giving an account of them. 



* The rose quartz of mineralogists, owes its colour to manganese, and is much prized, 

 when pure, as a precious stone; it is however very liable to fade, if much exposed to 

 the air. Jam. Manus, Sect. 



f At Rajmahul, where it is stated existed the capital of the Mahomedan power 

 in Bengal, in the reign of Akbar, towards the end of the sixteenth century, we find 

 among the ruins some fine examples exhibiting the polish, which some of the trap are 

 capable of receiving. Thus, in the Sungi Dullau, or marble hall, erroneously so 

 called, there are still existing some enormous slates of beautifully polished basaltic 

 clinkstone, ornamenting the doorways, walls, &c. which by the ignorant have been con- 

 sidered black marble, and thus given rise to the erroneous name. In every work 

 we have consulted, this term is used. It is also stated that the ruins principally con- 

 sist of granite, a word too frequently used as a cloak for ignorance. What we princi- 

 pally saw were bricks and trap. 



6t 



