INTRODUCTION, 



13 



Climates.. ..Besides the division of the earth into hemispheres 

 and zones, geographers have also divided it into climates, which are 

 narrower zones, each included between two parallels of latitude, at 

 such a distance from each other, that the length of the longest day 

 under that nearest the pole is increased by half an hour. As tne 

 length of the day under the equator is always twelve hours, and that 

 of the longest day under the polar circles twenty-four hours, it is 

 evident that there must be twenty-four of these climates between 

 the equator and either pole. Within the polar circles, where the 

 longest day is always more than twenty-four hours long, the climates 

 are reckoned by the increase of the day by months, till we reach the 

 pole, where the whole year consists only of six months day and six 

 months night. Of these climates, therefore, there will be six, mak- 

 ing the whole number on each side the equator thirty. 



We here insert a table of climates, which will show the length of 

 the longest day in most of the principal places in the world. 



TABLE OF CLIMATES. 



O 1 Lat. I Breadth 

 =■■ D. M. D. M. 



Lon. Da. Names of Countries and remarkable Places, situated in every Climate 

 north of the Equator. 



23 50 



30 20 



36 28 



41 22 



49 1 

 52 



II 

 12 

 23 

 14 

 115 



lo 63 

 17' 64 

 |18' 64 49 

 Il9| 65 21 

 20' 65 47 



56 37 



58 29 



59 58 



61 18 



62 25 

 22 



6 



21 66 



22 66 

 23: 66 

 24 66 



67 21 



69 48 



73 37 



78 30 



8 25 



8 



7 25 



6 30 



6 8 



4 54 



3 32 

 2 59 



H. M. 



12 30 



13 



13 30 



14 



14 30 



15 



15 30 



16 

 16 30 



18 30 



19 

 19 30 



24 



1 Month. 



2 Months. 



3 Months. 



4 Months. 



5 Months. 



6 Months. 



1. Within the first Climate lie the Gold and Silver Coasts in Africa ; 

 Malacca in the East Indies ; Cayenne and Surinam in Terra Fir 

 ma, South America. 



2. Here lie Abyssinia in Afriei ; Siam, Madras, and Pondicherry 

 in the East-Indies ; Straits of Darien, between North and South 

 America ; Tobago, the Granaries, St. Vincent, and Barbadoes, in 

 the West-Indies. 



Contains Mecca in Arabia ; Bombay, part of Bengal, in the East- 

 Indies ; Cariton, in China; Mexico, Bay of Cam peachy, in North 

 America ; Jamaica, Hispaniola, St. Christopher's, Antigna, Marti- 

 nico, and Guadaloupe, in the West-Indies. 



Egypt, and the Canary Islands in Africa; Delhi, capital of the 

 Mogul Empire, in Asia; Gulf of Mexico, and East Florida, in 

 North America; the Havannn, in the West- Indies. 



5. Gibral tar in Spain ; part of the Mediterranean Sea ; theBarbary 

 coist. in Africa; Jerusalem; Ispahan, capital of Persia; Nankin, 

 in China; California, New Mexico, West Florida, Georgia, and the 

 Carolinas, in North America. 



6. Lisbon, in Portugal; Madrid, in Spain; Minorca, Sardinia, Rnd 

 part of Greece, in the Mediterranean ; Asia Minor; part of the 

 Caspian Sea ; Samareand, in Great Tartary ; Pekin, in China ; 

 Corea, and Ja>an; Williamsburg, in Virginia; Maryland, and 

 Philadelphia, in North America. 



7. Northern province s of Spain ; southern ditto of France ; Turin, 

 Genoa, and Rome, in Italy; Constantinople, and the Black Sea, 

 in Turkey; the Caspian Sea, and part of Tartary ; New York, 

 Boston, in New England, North Ameriea. 



8. Paris; Vienna capital of Germany ; Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, 

 and Canada, in North America. 



9. London. Flanders, Prague, Dresden ; Cracow, in Poland ; south- 

 ern provinces of Russia ; part of Tartary ; north part of New- 

 foundland. 



. Dublin. York, Holhnd, Hanover, and Tartary; Warsaw, in Po 

 land ; Librador, and New South Wales, in North America. 



11. Edinburgh, Copenhagen; Moscow, capital of Russia. 



12. South part of Sweden ; Tobolski, capital of Siberia. 

 Orkney Isles ; Stockholm, capital of Sweden. 



14. Bergen, in Norway ; Petersburg, in Russia. 



15. Hudson's Straits. North America. 



16. Siberia, and the south part of West Greenland, 



17. Drontheim, in Norway. 



18. Part of Finland, in Russia. 



19. Archangel, on the White Sea, Russia. 



20. Hecla, in Iceland. 



21. Northern part of Russia and Siberia. 



22. New North Wales, in North America. 



23. Davis's Straits, in ditto. 



24. Samoieda. 



25. South part of Lapland. 



26. West Greenland. 



27. Zembla Australis. 



28. Zembla Borealis. 



29. Spitsbergen, or East Greenland. 



30. Unknown. 



