Denmark; 



of these is now called simply Jutland, and the latter Sleswick, Jut- 

 land is divided into nine syssels or districts, and Sleswick into fifteen 

 counties. 



» Denmark Proper is likewise divided into six dioceses, or jurisdic- 

 tions, of the following dimensions : 



Square Miles. _ _ __ Square Miles 



The diocese of Zealand 2,112 

 Funen 1,376 



The diocese of Ripen 2,416 



Aalborg 1,456 



Aarhuys 1,696 \ Viborg 1,200 



Mountains, lakes, rivers, canals. ...The interior of the broad 

 northeri) part of Denmark. Proper contains some hills of a bleak and 

 wild aspect, but none entitled to the name of mountains. There are 

 many small, but no large lakes. The small streams which intersect 

 the -country are numerous, but only two seem to deserve notice as 

 rivers ; the Guden, which receives the waters of forty rivulets, and 

 runs a winding course of an hundred miles before it falls into the 

 Categat ; and the Eydar, the ancient boundary between Denmark and 

 the German duchy of Holstein. 



In the northern part of Jutland, an extensive creek of the sea, 

 called Lymfiord, penetrates from the Categat through an extent of 

 above seventy miles, to within two or three miles of the German 

 Ocean : it is navigable, and contains numerous small islands. 



A canal, called the Canal of Kiel, a considerable town in the north 

 of Holstein, has been made, at the expense of nearly eight hundred 

 thousand pounds, to open a communication between the Baltic and 

 the river Eydar, which flows into the German Sea It is above twenty 

 miles in length, and is navigable by vessels of 120 tons. It was finish- 

 ed in 1785. 



Minerals.. ..Some fuller's-earth, alum, and vitriol, found in Jut- 

 land, and porcelain clay obtained in the island of Bornholm, seem to 

 constitute the whole of the mineral productions of Denmark Proper. 



Climate, soil, and state of agriculture... The climate of 

 Zealand and the south ol Jutland is more temperate, on account of the 

 vapours from the surrounding sea, than it is in many more southerly 

 parts of Europe. In the northern parts of Denmark, the winters are 

 very severe, and spring and autumn are seasons scarcely known, on 

 account of the sudden transitions from cold to heat, and from heat to 

 cold. The entrance of the Baltic in winter is generally so obstructed 

 with ice, as to be innavigable, and sometimes so frozen, as to be cross- 

 ed by sledges and loaded carriages. 



The soil of Zealand, Funen, and the south of Jutland, is fertile? 

 and the agriculture of the two latter is compared by Mr. Marshal to 

 that of England ; but in the northern parts, the country is less culti- 

 vated. Zealand is for the most part a sandy soil, but fertile in grain 

 and pasturage, and agreeably variegated with woods and lakes. 



The greatest parts of the lands in Denmark and Holstein are fiefs. 

 The ancient nobility, by grants which they extorted at different times 

 from the crown, gained such power over the farmers, and those who 

 resided upon their estates, that at length they reduced them to a 

 state of extreme slavery, so that they were bought and sold with their 

 lands, and were esteemed the property of their lords. Many of the 

 noble land-kolders of Sleswick and Holstein have the power of life 

 and death. The situation of the farmers has, indeed, been made 

 somewhat more agreeable by some modern edicts; but they are still? 

 if such an expression may be allowed, chained to their farms, and are 



