66 DENMARK. 



Europe into a flame. It has been oiten disputed by the English and 

 Dutch, being nothing more originally than a voluntary contribution 

 of the merchants towards the expenses of the light-houses on the 

 coast ; and the Swedes, who command the opposite side of the pass, 

 for some time refused to pay it ; but in the treaty of 1720, between 

 Sweden and Denmark, under the guax*antee of his Britannic majesty 

 George I, the Swedes agreed to pay the same rates as are paid by the 

 subjects of Great Britain and the Netherlands. The first treaty rela- 

 tive to it was by the emperor Charles V, on behalf of his subjects in 

 the Low Countries. The toll is paid at Elsineur, a town situated on 

 the Sound, at the entrance of the Baltic Sea, and about 18 miles dis-' 

 tant from Copenhagen. The whole revenue of Denmark, including 

 What is received at Elsineur, amounts at present to about $7 ,000,000 

 yearly. 



By a list of the revenue taken in 1730, it then only amounted to 

 English money 454,700/. The expenses of the state amount annually 

 to above 1,050,000/ ; and it is burdened with a debt of 2,600,000. 



Army and navy... .The present military force of Denmark consists 

 of 40,000 men, of this force about 10,000 is cavalry, and 30,000 in- 

 fantry. Besides the regular troops, there is a national militia, called 

 Lahdvaern ; including all the male inhabitants between 36 and 45 

 years of age. These are called into service upon particular emer- 

 gencies only. They amount to about 60,000 men. The fleet of 

 Denmark, according to the official gazette of the 15th of October, 

 1803, consisted of 19 ships of the line ; of which were 1 of 90 ; 2 of 

 80 ; 12 of 74 ; and 4 of 64 guns ; 15 frigates, 8 brigs, and 13 gunboats. 

 An order was issued some time since to increase the number of 

 frigates to 30, and constantly to keep up that number. This fleet is 

 generally stationed at Copenhagen, where are the dock-yards, store- 

 houses, and all the materials necessary for the use of the marine. 

 There are 26,000 registered seamen, who cannot quit the kingdom 

 without leave, nor serve on board a merchantman without permission 

 from the admiralty : 4000 of these are kept in constant pay, and em- 

 ployed in the dock-yards : their pay, however, scarcely amounts to 

 nine shillings per month ; but they have a sort of uniform, with some 

 provisions and lodging allowed for themselves and families. Part of 

 the Danish fleet was destroyed at the bombardment of Copenhagen 

 in 1801, and the remainder has been since captured by the English, to 

 prevent its falling into the hands of the French. See more of this in 

 the history of England. 



Royal titles, orders of KNiGTiiooD....The kings of Denmark in. 

 their public acts take the title of "king of Denmark and of the 

 Goths and Vandals, duke of Sleswick and Holstein, Stormar and 

 Ditmarsch, count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst." The orders of 

 knighthood are two : that of the Elephant, and that of Danebrog. The 

 former was instituted by Christian I, in the year 1478, and is deemed 

 the most honourable ; its badge is an elephant surmounted with a 

 castle, set in diamonds, and suspended to a sky-blue watered ribbon, 

 worn, like the George in England, over the right shoulder : the num- 

 ber of its members, besides the sovereign, are thirty ; and the knights 

 of it are addressed by the title of Excellency. The badges of the 

 Danebrog order, which is said to have been instituted in the year 

 1219, and after being long obsolete was l'evived in 1671 by Christian 

 V, consist of a white ribbon with red edges, worn scarf-wise over the 

 right shoulder j from which depends a small cross of diamonds, and 



