ENGLAND. m 



There is scarcely a manufacture in Europe but what is brought to 

 great perfection in England. The woollen manufactures is the most 

 considerable, and exceeds in goodness and quantity that of any other 

 nation. Hardware is another principal article : locks, edge-tools, guns, 

 swords, and other arms, are of superior excellence ; household uten« 

 sils of brass, iron, and pewter, also, are very great articles ; and our 

 clocks and watches are in great esteem. 



Of the British commerce, that branch which we enjoyed exclu- 

 sively, viz. the commerce with our colonies, was long regarded as 

 the most advantageous. Yet, since the separation of the American 

 States, from Great Britain, the trade, the industry, and manufactures 

 of ihe latter have continually increased. New markets have opened, 

 the returns from which are more certain and less tedious than those 

 from America By supplying a greater variety ot markets, the skill 

 and ingenuity of our artisans have taken a wider range ; the produc- 

 tions of their labour have been adapted to the wants, not of rising 

 colonies, but of nations the most wealthy and the most refined ; and 

 our commercial system, no longer resting on the artificial basis of 

 monopoly, has been rendered more solid as well as more liberal- 

 The trade of England to the United States, in a variety of articles, is 

 likewise very considerable. 



The principal islands belonging to the English, in the West Indies, 

 are Jamaica, Barbadoes, St. Christopher's, Grenada, Antigua, St, 

 Vincent, Dominica, Anguilla, Nevis, Montserrat, the Bermudas or 

 Somer's Islands, and the Bahama or Lucayan Islands in the Atlantic 

 Ocean ; besides Trinidad, ceded to England by the late treaty of 

 Amiens, and St. Lucia, recently taken from the French. 



The English trade with their West-India Islands consists chiefly in 

 sugars, rum, cotton, logwood, cocoa, coffee, pimento, ginger, indigo, 

 materials for dyers, mahogany and manchineel planks, drugs and pre- 

 serves. For these, the exports from England are Osnaburgs, a coarse 

 kind of linen, with which the West-Indians now clothe their slaves; 

 linen of all sorts, with bioad-cloth and kerseys, for the planters, their 

 overseers, and families ; silks and stuffs for their ladies, and house- 

 hold servants ; hats ; red caps for their slaves of both sexes ; stock- 

 ings and shoes of all sorts ; gloves and millinery ware, and perukes s 

 laces for linen, woollen, and silks ; strong beer, pale beer, pickles, 

 candles, butter, and cheese ; iron-ware, as saws, files, axes, hatchets, 

 chisels, adzes, hoes, mattocks, gouges, planes, augers, nails, lead, 

 powder, and shot; brass and copper wares; toys, coals, and pantiles; 

 cabinet wares, snuffs ; and in general whatever is raised or manufac- 

 tured in Great Britain ; also negroes from Africa, and all sorts of 

 Indian goods. 



The trade of England to the East Indies constitutes one of the 

 most stupendous political as well as commercial machines that is to be 

 met with in history. The trade itself is exclusive, and lodged in a 

 company which has a temporary monopoly of it, in consideration of 

 money advanced to the government. This company exports to the 

 East Indies all kinds of woollen manufacture, all sorts of hardware, 

 lead, bullion, and quicksilver. Their imports consist of gold, dia- 

 monds, raw silks, drugs, tea, pepper, arrack, porcelain or China- 

 ware, salt-petre for home-consumption ; and of wrought silks, mus- 

 lins, calicoes, cottons, and all the woven manufactures of India, for 

 exportation to foreign countries. 



To Turkey, England sends, in her own bottoms, woollen cloths, tin ? 



