ENGLAND. .189 



vernor is to have 4000/. the deputy-governor 3000/. and a director 

 2000/. in the same stock. In every general court, every member 

 having, in his own name and right, 500/. in trading stock, has one 

 vote; if 2000/. two votes; if 3000/. three votes ; and if 5000/. four 

 votes. 



The East-India company, the Bank of England, and the South-Sea 

 company, are the only incorporated bodies to which the government 

 is indebted, except the million bank, whose capital is only one mil- 

 lion, constituted to purchase the reversion of the long exchequer or- 

 ders. 



Military and marine force of Great Britain... .The military- 

 state includes the whole of the soldiery, or such persons as are pe- 

 culiarly appointed, among the rest of the people, for the safeguard 

 and defence of the realm. 



The total number of troops on service in the year 1804, according 

 to the statement of the secretary of war (Mr. Yorke) was 252,841 

 men, consisting of 20,324 regular cavalry; 133,267 regular infantry, 

 including officers and men ; 87,652 militia ; and 26,000 of the army 

 of reserve : there was besides, of artillery, 14,202, making the total 

 number of our actual force 267,243 men. 



The British army in 1808, consisted of 



203,287 regular troops, 

 76,159 militia, 



279,446 



242,000 East India establishment, 



Total, 521,446 



The complement of seamen, in time of peace, usually has amount- 

 ed to 12 or 15,000. In time of war, they formerly amounted to about 

 30,000 men ; and after the commencement of the American war, to 

 above 100,000, including marines. The vote of parliament for the 

 service of the year 1798 and 1799 was for 120,000 seamen, including 

 marines. 



This navy is commonly divided into three squadrons, namely, the 

 red, white, and blue, which are so termed from the difference of their 

 colours. Each squadron has its admiral : but the admiral of the red 

 squadron has the principal command of the whole, and is styled vice- 

 admiral of Great Britain. Subject to each admiral is also a vice and 

 rear admiral. But the supreme command of our naval force is, next 

 to the king, in the lords commissioners of the admiralty. Notwith- 

 standing our favourable situation for a maritime power, it was not un- 

 til the vast armament sent to subdue us by Spain in 1588, that the 

 nation, by a vigorous effort, became fully sensible of its true interest 

 and natural strength, which it has since so happily cultivated. 



At the beginning of the year 1800, the British naval force consist- 

 ed of 144 ships of the line, in commission, 22 fifty-gun ships, 200 fri- 

 gates, and 292 other ships of war : in the whole, 658 ships; and, in- 

 cluding receiving ships, ships in ordinary and building, 902, of which 

 224 were of the line. 



In 1813 the British naval force was as follows; 



