J 90 ENGLAND. 



Ships of the line, .... 



■ from 44 to 50 guns, . 



Frigates,. 



Sloops and yachts, . . . 

 Bombs and fire ships, . . 

 Brigs, ........ 



Cutters, 



Schooners, luggers, Sec. . . 



Total, 1053 



Of this number 549 vessels were in active service; the remainder is 

 part refitting, or employed as guard, hospital, and prison ships. 



There were in pay the same year 220 admirals, 824 captains, 651 

 commanders, 3267 lieutenants. 



Royal titles and arms. ...The title of the king of England, since 

 the union with Ireland, is, in Latin, Dei Gratia, Britanniarum, Rcx % 

 Fidei Defensor ; and in English, By the Grace of God, of Great Bri- 

 tain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith. The designation of 

 the kings of England was formerly his or her Grace, or Highness, 

 till Henry VIII, to put himself on a footing with the emperor Charles 

 V, assumed that of Majesty ; but the old designation was not abolish- 

 ed till towards the end of queen Elizabeth's reign. The title of De- 

 fender of the Faith, above mentioned, was given to Henry VIII, by 

 the pope, on account of a book written by the king against Luther 

 and the Reformation. Besides the titles already given, the king of 

 Great Britain has others from his German dominions, as Elector of 

 Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg, &c. 



The motto of Dieu ei mon Droit, that is, God and my Right, is as 

 old as the reign of Richard I, who assumed it to show his indepen- 

 dency upon all earthly powers. It was afterwards revived by Edward 



III. when he laid claim to the crown of France. Almost every king 

 of England had a particular badge or cognisance ; sometimes a white 

 hart, sometimes a fetlock with a falcon, by which it is said Edward 



IV, alluded to the infidelity of one of his mistresses ; and sometimes 

 fc portcullis, which was that of the house of Lancaster, many of the 

 princes of which were born in the castle of Beaufort. The white 

 rose was the bearing of the house of York ; and that of Lancaster, by 

 way of contradistinction, adopted the red. The thistle, which is now 

 part of the royal armorial bearings, belonged to Scotland, and was 

 very significant when joined to its motto, Memo me imjiune' lacessit. 

 " None shall provoke me unpunished." 



The titles of the king's eldest son are, Prince of Wales, duke of 

 Cornwall and Rothsay, earl of Chester, electoral prince of Brunswick 

 and Lunenburg, earl of Carrick, baron of Renfrew, lord of the Isles, 

 great-steward of Scotland, and captain-general of the artillery com- 

 pany. 



Orders of knighthood. ...The order of the Garter, the most 

 honourable of any in the world, was instituted by Edward III, Janua- 

 ry 19, 1344. It consists of the sovereign, who is always king or 

 queen of England, of 25 companions, called knights of the garter, 

 •who wear a medal of St. George killing the dragon, supposed to be 

 the tutelar saint of England, commonly enamelled on gold, suspended 

 from a blue ribbon, which was formerly worn about their necks, but 

 eince the latter end of James I, now crosses their bodie*from their 



