254 WALES. 



had submitted, Edward raised an army at a prodigious expence, with 

 which he penetrated as far as Flint, and, taking possession of the Isle 

 of Anglesey, drove- the Welch to the mountains of Snowdon, and 

 obliged them to submit to pay a tribute. The Welch, however, 

 made several efforts under young Llewellin ; but at last, in 1282, he 

 was killed in battle. He was succeeded by his brother David, the 

 last independent prince of Wales, who falling into Edward's hands 

 through treachery, was by him most barbarously and unjustly hang- 

 ed ; and Edward, from that time, pretended that Wales was annexed 

 to his crown of England. It was about this time, probably, that 

 Edward perpetrated the inhuman massacre of the Welch bards. 

 Perceiving that this cruelty was not sufficient to complete his con* 

 quest, he sent his queen, in the year 1284, to be delivered in Caernar- 

 von castle, that the Welch, having a prince born among themselves, 

 might the more readily recognise his authority. This prince was the 

 unhappy Edward II, and from him the title of prince of Wales has 

 always since descended to the eldest sons of the English kings. The 

 history of Wales and England becomes now the same. It is proper, 

 however, to observe, that the kings of England have always found it 

 their interest to soothe the Welch with particular marks of their 

 regard. Their eldest sons not only held their titular dignity, but 

 actually kept a court at Ludlow ; and a regular council, with a pre- 

 sident, was named by the crown, for the administration of all the 

 affairs of the principality. This was thought so necessary a piece of 

 policy, that when Henry VIII had no son, his daughter Mary was 

 created princess of Wales. 



