SCOTLAND. 



EXTENT AND SITUATION, 

 Miles. 



Length 270 > h . fr ____ 5 55° and 59° North latitude. 

 Breadth 160 $ Detween £ i° am i 6° West longitude. 



Containing 27,794 square miles, with 58 inhabitants to each. 



Name. ...Scotland was known to the Romans by the name of Cale- 

 donia, a name, according to some, derived from a Celtic word, signL? 

 fying forests or mountains : or, perhaps, it is related to the word Gael, 

 by which name the northern or Highland Scots still call themselves. 

 After the expiration of the Roman power, Scotland became the coun- 

 try of the Picts or Peohts, who were either the Britons driven north- 

 wards, or, as some think, a new colony from the south of Norway. At 

 length, in the eleventh century, the Scoti coming over from Ireland 

 and establishing themselves in Scotland, the name of Scotia was trans- 

 ferred from Ireland to Scotland. 



Boundaries. ...Scotland is bounded on the south by England ; and 

 on the north, east, and west, by the Deucaledonian, German, and Irish 

 Seas, or more properly, the Atlantic Ocean. 



Division and subdivisions... .Scotland is divided into the counties 

 south of the Firth of Forth, the capital of which, and of all the king- 

 dom, is Edinburgh ; and those to the north of the same river, of which 

 the chief town is Aberdeen. This was the ancient national division; 

 but some modern writers, with less accuracy, have divided it into 

 Highlands and Lowlands, on account of the different habits, manners, 

 and customs of the inhabitants of each. 



Eighteen counties, or shires, are allotted to the southern division, 

 and fifteen to the northern : and those counties are subdivided into 

 sheriffdoms, stewartries, and bailiwicks, according to the ancient 

 tenures and privileges of the landholders. 



Shires. Sheriffdoms and other Chief Towns. 



Subdivisions. 



"") Edinburgh, W long. 



1. Edinburgh? J »,. ' t ■ . J . ! 3° 35' N. lat. 55° 58' 

 122,954* $ • ^MidLotham . . }> Musselburgh, Leith, 



[_ J and Dalkeith. 



2. Haddington > $ p T . . > Dunbar, Haddington, 

 29,986 S ' I Lotham ' • J and North Berwick, 



3. Merse, anciently } C The Merches and > y. , j , 

 Berwick,! 30,62 1 5 c Lauderdale ... 3 



• The numbers show the population of each county, according to the returns 

 under the act passed in 1801. 



j- Berwick, on the north side of the Tweed, belonged formerly to Scotland, and 

 gave name to a county in that kingdom ; but it is now formed into a town and 

 county of itself, in a political sense distinct from England and Scotland, having its 

 own privileges. 



