SCOTLAND. 273 



to be found in no part of his majesty's dominions but in Edinburgh ; 

 they serve for the city watch, and patrol the streets, are useful in sup- 

 pressing small commotions, and attend the execution of criminals. Be- 

 sides this guard, Edinburgh raises sixteen companies of trained bands, 

 which serve as milita. The number of inhabitants in Edinburgh, accor- 

 ding to the returns under the late act, is 82,560. The revenues of the 

 city consist chiefly of that tax which is now common in most of the 

 bodies corporate in Scotland, of two Scotch pennies, amounting in the 

 whole to two thirds of a farthing, laid on every Scotch pint of ale (con- 

 taining two English quarts) consumed within the precincts of the city. 

 Its product has been sufficient to defray the expence of supplying the 

 city with excellent water, brought in leaden pipes from the distance of 

 four miles ; of erecting reservoirs, enlarging the harbour of Leith, ahd 

 completing other public works, of great expence and Utility, 



Leith, though near two miles distant, may be properly called the 

 harbour of Edinburgh, being under the same jurisdiction. It con- 

 tains nothing remarkable but the remains of two citadels (if they are 

 not the same) which were fortified and bravely defended by the French, 

 under Mary of Guise, against the English, and afterwards repaired by 

 Cromwell. The neighbourhood ot Edinburgh is adorned with noble 

 seats, which are daily increasing: some of them yield to few in Eng- 

 land. About four miles from Edinburgh, is Roslin, noted for a stately 

 Gothic chapel, esteemed one of the most curious pieces of workman- 

 ship in Europe ; founded in the year 14 10, by William St. Clair, prince 

 of Orkney, and duke of Oldenburgh. 



Glasgow, in the shire of Lanark, situated on a gentle declivity, slo- 

 ping towards the river Clyde, 44 miles west of Edinburgh, is, for pop- 

 ulation, commerce, and riches, the secoud city in Scotland, and, con- 

 sidering its size, the first in great Britain, and perhaps in Europe, as to 

 elegance, regularity, and the beautiful materials of its buildings. The 

 streets cross each other at right angles, and are broad, straight, well- 

 paved, and consequently clean. The houses make a grand appearance, 

 and are in general four or five stories high, and many of them, towards 

 the centre of the city, are supported by arcades, which form piazzas> 

 and give the whole an air of magnificence. Some of the modern built 

 churches are in the first style of architecture ; and the cathedral is a 

 stupendous Gothic building, hardly to be paralleled in that Kind of 

 architecture. It contains three churches, one of which stands above 

 another, and is furnished with a very fine spire springing from a tower; 

 the whole being reckoned a masterly and matchless fabric. It was* 

 dedicated to St. Mungo, or Kentigern, who was bishop of Glasgow in 

 the 6th century. The cathedral is upwards of 600 years old, and was 

 preserved from the fury of the rigid reformers by the resolution of the 

 citizens. The town-house is a lofty building, and has very noble apart- 

 ments for the magistrates. The university is esteemed the most spa- 

 cious and best built of any in Scotland In this city are several well* 

 endowed hospitals ; and it is particularly well supplied with large and 

 convenient inns, proper for the accommodation of strangers of any rank. 

 In Glasgow are seven churches, and eight or ten meeting houses for 

 sectaries of various denominations. The number of its inhabitants is 

 17,385. 



Aberdeen may be considered as the third town in Scotland for im» 



cment and population. It is the capital of a shire, to which it gives; 



its name and contains two towns, New and Old Aberdeen . The former"" 



VOL. I N n 



