HOLLAND. 421 



much overawed both parties, that they quickly came to an accom- 

 modation, and a treaty was concluded between that monarch and the 

 states of Holland. By this, the two contending parties were formally 

 reconciled, and the courts of London and Berlin guaranteed the stadt- 

 holdership, as well as the hereditary government of each province, 

 in the House of Orange, with all the rights and prerogatives settled 

 in the years 1747 and 1748; by which all attempts to disturb the 

 domestic tranquillity of the republic, by means of any foreign inter- 

 ference, appeared to be effectually guarded against by the close union 

 that subsisted between those two important powers. 



The late revolution in Holland, in consequence of the irruption of 

 the French, and the expulsion of the stadtholder from that country, 

 has already been briefly narrated in our history of France, to which 

 we must refer the reader. We shall therefore only add, that the 

 Batavian republic, which was instituted soon after the expulsion of 

 the Orange family, lasted but a short time. Not being sufficiently 

 trained to the will of the conqueror, the Dutch were compelled to 

 surrender even that shadow of self-government ; a monarchy super- 

 seded the republican form, and regal power was conferred on Louis, 

 one of the brothers of Napoleon, with the title of King of Holland, and 

 Constable of France. 



Bonaparte soon found that even this measure did not place Holland 

 sufficiently under his controul The government of Louis was too 

 mild, and occasional infractions of the continental system, were per- 

 mitted. Bonaparte commanded his brother to enforce that system in 

 the severest manner; and Louis, not willing to witness that ruin of 

 the country, which it was out of his power to avert, resigned his crown. 

 Bonaparte now took the administration into his own hands, and in 1810 

 Holland was declared a part of the French empire. Holland remained 

 in this degraded and debased situation, till the victories of the north- 

 ern allies, in 1813, revived the spirit of liberty, in the German states. 

 The flame soon reached Holland. It began in Amsterdam, and spread 

 from city to city with electrical rapidity. Deputies were immediately 

 despatched to England, to recall the Prince of Orange. The people, 

 sensible that many of their misfortunes, were owing to the weakness 

 of their former government, conferred, on the Prince, the title and 

 office of Sovereign, and the government has now become, in effect, 

 a limited monarchy. By the terms of the late peace, Holland has 

 acquired, by the accession of the Netherlands, a greater extent of 

 continental territory, than she ever before possessed. The principal 

 part of her colonial possessions, have also been restored. The title of 

 the prince, is now, William Frederick, by the grace of God, Prince 

 of Orange and Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands, 

 &c. 



