GERMANY. 



EXTENT AND SITUATION. 

 Miles. 



Length 620 ~> . C45 30' and 55° 30' North lat. 



Breadth 530 5 Detvveen \ 6 ° 0' and 19° 0' East long. 



Containing 180,000 square miles, with 128 inhabitants to each. 



Name. ...Great part of modern Germany lay in ancient Gaul, as has 

 been already mentioned : and the word Germany itself may be con- 

 sidered as modern. Many fanciful derivations have been given of 

 the word ; the most probable is, that it is compounded of Ger or Gar, 

 and Man, which in the ancient Teutonic signifies a warlike man. 

 The Germans were called by various other names, such as Alle- 

 manni, Teutones : which last appears to have been their most ancient 

 designation ; and the Germans themselves call their country Teutsch- 

 land. 



Boundaries. ..Germany is bounded on the north by the German 

 Ocean, Denmark, and the Baltic ; on the east by Prussia, Gallicia? 

 and Hungary ; on the south by the Adriatic sea, Italy, and Switzer- 

 land ; and on the west by France, from which it is separated by the 

 Rhine, Holland, and the North sea. 



Divisions... Germany formerly was divided into the Upper, or 

 Southern, and the Lower, or Northern. The emperor Maximilian, 

 predecessor and grandfather to the emperor Charles V, divided it 

 into ten great circles ; and the division was confirmed in the diet of 

 Nuremberg, in 1552 ; but the circle of Burgundy, or the seventeen 

 provinces of the Low Countries, being afterwards detached from the 

 empire, we are to confine ourselves to nine of those divisions as they 

 now subsist. 



Of these, three are in the north, three in the middle, and three in 

 the south. 



{Upper Saxony. 

 Lower Saxony. 

 Westphalia, 

 f Upper Rhine. 

 The circles in the middle . < Lower Rhine. 



(^Franconia. 

 ("Swabia. 

 The southern circles ... 4 Bavaria. 



[_ Austria. 



