TRANSYLVANIA, SLAVONIA, THE BUCK 

 OWINE, CROATIA, AND DALMATIA. 



THESE countries appear under one division, for several reasons, 

 and particularly because we have no very exact account of their ex- 

 tent and boundaries. The most authentic is as follows : Transylva- 

 nia is bounded on the north by the Carpathian mountains, which di- 

 vide it from Gallicia ; on the east by Moldavia and Wallachia ; on the 

 south by Wallachia ; and on the west by Hungary. It lies between 22 

 and 26 degrees of east longitude, and 45 and 48 of north latitude. Its 

 length is about 180, and its breadth 120 miles ; contains nearly 14,000 

 square miles, and is surrounded on all sides by high mountains. Its 

 produce, vegetables, and animals are almost the same with those of 

 Hungary. The air is wholesome and temperate ; but the wine of this 

 country, though good, is not equal to the Hungarian. Its interior gov- 

 ernment still partakes greatly of the ancient feudal system, being 

 composed of many independent states and princes, who are little more 

 than nominally subject to the Austrians. Papists, Lutherans, Calvi- 

 ttists, Socinians, Arians, Greeks, Mahometans, and other sectaries, 

 here enjoy their several religions. Transylvania is thought to add 

 but little to the Austrian revenue, though it exports some metals and 

 salt to Hungary. All sorts of provisions are very cheap, and excel- 

 lent in their kinds. Hermanstadt, the capital, contains about 16,000 

 inhabitants, and is a large, strong, and well built city ; as are Clausen- 

 burg and Weissenburg. The seat of government is at Hermanstadt, 

 and the governor is assisted by a council made up of Roman-catholics, 

 Calvinists and Lutherans. The diet, or parliament, meets by sum- 

 mons, and receives the commands of the sovereign, to whom of late 

 they have been more devoted than formerly. They have a liberty 

 of making remonstrances and representations in case of grievances. 



Transylvania is part of ancient Dacia, the inhabitants of which long 

 employed the Roman arms before they could be subdued. It was 

 overrun by the Goths on the decline of the Roman empire, and then by 

 the Huns. Their descendants retain the same military character. 

 The population of the country is estimated at 1,500,000. The military . 

 force is at present reduced to six regiments of 1500 each ; but it is 

 well known, that, during the last two wars in which the house of Aus- 

 tria was engaged, the Transylvanians did great services. Herman- 

 stadt is the only bishopric ; and the Transylvanians at present seem to 

 trouble themselves little either about learning or religion, though the 

 Roman-catholic is the established church. Stephen I, king of Hun- 

 gary, introduced Christianity there about the year 1000 ; and it was af- 

 terwards governed by an Hungarian vaivod or viceroy. The various 

 revolutions in their government prove their impatience under slavery ; 

 and though the treaty of Carlowitz, in 1699, gave the sovereignty of 



