492 CROATIA. AND DALMATIA. 



versities. Esseck is a large and strong town, remarkable for a wooden 

 bridge, over the Drave and adjoining marshes, five miles long and 

 fifteen paces broad, built by the Turks. Waradin and Peterwaradin 

 are places noted in the wars between the Austrians and Turks. The 

 inhabitants are composed of Servians, Raclzians, Croats, Waiiacliians, 

 Germans, Hungarians, and various other nations. In 1746 Siavonia 

 was united to Hungary, and the states send representatives to the diet 

 of Hungary. • 



Croatia is situate between the 15th and 17th degrees of east 

 longitude, and the 45th and 47th of north latitude. It is 80 miles in 

 length, and 70 in breadth, and contains about 2800 square milts. The 

 manners, government, religion, language, and customs, of the Croats 

 are similar to those of the Slavonians and Transylvanians, who are 

 their neighbours. They are excellent irregular troops, and, as such, 

 are famed in modern history, under the name of Pandours, asiu various 

 other designations. Carolstadt is a place of some note, biit Zagrab, 

 or Agram, is the capital of Croatia. All the sovereignty exercised 

 over them by the Austrians seems to consist in the military arrange- 

 ments for bringing them occasionally into the field. A viceroy pre- 

 sides over Croatia, jointly with Siavonia, and 



Hungarian Dalmatia. This lies in the upper part of the Adriatic 

 Sea, and consists of five districts, in which the most remarkable 

 places are the two following : Segna, which is a royal free town, for- 

 tified both by nature and art, and situated near the sea, in a bleak, 

 fTnoun'.ainous, and barren soil. The bishop of this place is a suffragan 

 to the archbishop of Spalatro. Here are twelve churches, and two 

 convents. The governor resides in the old palace, called the Royal 

 Castle. 2. Ottoschatz, a frontier fortification on the river Gatzka. 

 That part of the fortress where the governor and the greatest part 

 of the garrison reside, is surrounded with a wall and some towers ; 

 but the rest of the buildings, which are mean, are erected on piles in 

 the water ; so that one neighbour cannot visit another without a boat. 



The part of Dalmatia formerly called Venetian Dalmatia, is now 

 likewise subject to Austria, and together with Hungarian Dalmatia, 

 is estimated to contain about 4640 square miles, and above 300,000 

 inhabitants. The country is mountainous, but fruitful. The capital 

 is Spalatro, which has a fine harbour, and is the see of an archbishop. 

 Zara is another large town, with 7000 inhabitants, and so strongly 

 fortified that it is deemed almost impregnable. Sebenico is likewise 

 a strong town. The natives of this part of Dalmatia carry on a con- 

 siderable trade, and are esteemed the best mariners of any on the 

 coasts of the Adriatic or any part of Italy. The Dalmatians resemble 

 the Slavonians in their manners, and speak the same language.- They 

 profess the Roman-catholic religion. 



In Venetian Dalmatia is the small aristocratic free state of Poglissa, 

 formerly under the protection of Venice, but now under that of the 

 Austrian government. This state contains about 20,000 inhabitants, 

 and its chief magistrate bears the title of welike cues, or great lord, 

 and is chosen annually from some noble Hungarian families which are 

 settled there. 



A small part of Dalmatia belongs to the Turks, and another part 

 to the republic of Ragusa, the territory of which contains about 270 

 square miles, and 80,000 inhabitants. Ragusa is an aristocratical state, 

 formed nearly after the model of that of Venice. The government 

 is in the hands of the nobility ; and the chief of the republic, who is 



