«4f> SPAIN. 



Ribeira ; and Claudio Coello, whose style of painting was very simi- 

 lar to that of Paul Veronese. 



Universities.. ..In Spain are reckoned 24 universities, the chief of 

 which is Salamanca, founded by Alphonsus, ninth king of Leon, in the 

 year 1200. It contains 21 colleges, some of which are very magnifi- 

 cent. Most of the nobility of Spain send their sons to be educated 

 here. The others are Seville, Granada, Compostella, Toledo, Valla- 

 dolid, Alcala, Siguenza, Valencia, Lerida, Huesca, Saragossa, Tortoso, 

 Ossuna, Onata, Candia, Barcelona, Murcia, Taragona, Baeza, Avila, 

 Oriuela, Oviedo, and Palencia. 



Language. ...The Spanish language like the Italian, is derived from, 

 the Latin ; and it might properly be called a corrupted Latin, were it 

 not for the terminations, and the exotic words introduced into it by the 

 Moors and Goths, especially the former. It is a majestic and expres- 

 sive language ; and foreigners, who understand it best, esteem it most ; 

 for the Spanish works of genius appear to disadvantage even in the 

 best translations : and Cervantes speaks almost as aukward English, 

 as Shakspeare does French. It may, however, be considered as a 

 standard tongue, having nearly retained its purity for upwards of 200 

 years. The Lords Prayer in Spanish is as follows : — Padre nuestro v 

 que estas en el cielo, sanctificado se el tu nombre ; venga a nos el tti 

 reyno ; kagase ta voluntad, assi en la tiefra comoen el cielo ; el fian 

 nuestro de cada dia da nos de oy ; y fiardona nos nuestras deudas assi 

 como nos otros fierdonamos a neustros deudores ; no nos dexes cair en 

 la tentacion, mas libra nos de mal ; fiorque tao es el reyno, y la /iotencia ? 

 y la gloria, per los siglos. Amen. 



Antiquities. ...These consist chiefly of Roman and Moorish. Near- 

 Segovia, a grand aqueduct, erected by Trajan, extends over a deep 

 valley between two hills, and is supported by a double row of 159 

 arches. Other Roman aqueducts, theatres, and circi, are to be found 

 at Tarragona, and in different parts of Spain. A ruinous watch-tower 

 near Cadiz, is vulgarly, but erroneously, thought to be one of the 

 pillars of Hercules. Near the city of Salamanca are the remains of a 

 Roman way, paved with large flat stones ; it was continued to Merida, 

 and from thence to Seville. At Toledo are the remains of an old Ro- 

 man theatre, which is now converted into a church, said to be one of 

 the most curious remains of antiquity. It is 600 feet in length, 500 in 

 breadth, and of a pi'oportionable height; the roof, which is amazing- 

 ly bold and lofty, is supported by 350 pillars of fine marble, in ten rows, 

 forming eleven aisles, in which are 366 altars, and 24 gates ; every 

 part being enriched and adorned with the most noble and costly orna- 

 ments. At Martorel, a la ge town where much black lace is manufac- 

 tured, is a very high bridge, built in 1768, out of the ruins of a de- 

 cayed one that had existed 1985 years from its erection by Hannibal. 

 At the north end is a triumphal arch or gateway, said to have been 

 raised by that general in honour of his father Hamilcar. It is almost 

 entire, well proportioned and simple without any kind of ornament, 

 except a rim or two of hewn stone. Near Morviedro (once the faith- 

 ful Saguntum, destroyed by Hannibal) are some Roman remains — as 

 the ruins of the theatre, an exact semicircle about 82 yards diameter; 

 some of the galleries are cutout of the rock, and 9000 persons might 

 attend the exhibitions without inconvenience. 



The Moorish antiquities are rich and magnificent. Among the 

 most distinguished of these is the royal palace of the Alhambra, at 

 Granada, which is one of the most entire as well as the most stately of 



