S46 SPAIN, 



was formed between the two nations of the peninsula, and the govern- 

 ment of Great. Britain/ In Andalusia, the battle of Baylen, and the 

 surrender of the French army under Dupont, gave great spirit to the 

 patriotic cause, and the French armies were repulsed by almost un- 

 armed citizens in every quarter. General Moncey was driven from 

 Valencia ; at Sarragossa the very women acquired military renown, 

 and at Gerona even the monks took up arms. These events/so alarm-* 

 cd king Jose ph for his personal safety, tha' he fled precipitately from, 

 Madrid towards France. On the 20th of July 1803, 10,000 men un- 

 der Sir Arthur Wellesley, arrived at Corunna, from England. The 

 Spaniards, however, informing him that they considered their forces 

 in that quarter sufficient for their own defence, he proceeded to Lisbon, 

 The British forces landed in Mondego Bay on the first of August. On 

 the 2 1st they defeated general Junot, at Vimiera, and obliged him to 

 retreat towards Lisbon. On the 22d Sir Hew Dalrymple arrived from 

 England, and took the command of the British army, and on the 30th 

 a convention was concluded^ by which the French were to leave Por- 

 tugal and be conveyed to France. Early in November, marshal Ney 

 defeated general Blake at Espinosa, and again on the 1 1th at Reynosa. 

 Before the 2.1st; the armies of the north of Spain, and that of Estre- 

 madura, had been dispersed, and the French turned their whole force 

 against Castanos ; who was brought to action at Tudela, on the 23d, 

 and completely defeated. On the 4th of December, the French en- 

 tered Madrid General Wellesley having returned to England, and 

 Dalrymple having been recalled, the command of the British army 

 devolved upon Sir John Moore, who left Lisbon on the 27th of Octo- 

 ber, to join the Spanish forces in Gallicia. On the 13th of November, 

 he arrived with his advanced guard at Salamanca, where he was sur- 

 prised to hear, that the French were only 20 leagues distant, at Val- 

 ladolid, and that their main armies were approaching. Having a very 

 inferior force, and not receiving any support from the Spaniards, 

 whom he found totally discomfited, general Moore was obliged to re- 

 treat. On the 16th of January he was overtaken and attacked by the 

 French near Corunna. General Moore was killed, but the French 

 were completely repulsed, and the next day the British troops em- 

 barked at Corunna, unmolested. Sir Arthur Wellesley, having re- 

 turned to Lisbon, now resumed the command of the British troops in 

 Portugal* Having expelled Soult from that kingdom, he effected a 

 junction with the Spanish general Cuesta at Oropesa on the- 20th of 

 July. Cuesta having advanced, his out-posts were attacked and driven 

 in by the French; upon which he fell back upon the British at Tala- 

 vera. The French, emboldened by this slight success, advanced, and 

 on the 28th the battle of Talavera was fought, which resulted in a 

 complete victory to the combined army. The French, however, being 

 much the most numerous, and the British being but badly supported 

 by the Spaniards, lord Wellington was not able to pursue his victory, 

 and was finally obliged to retreat towards Lisbon. The French now 

 turned their arms towards the south, which they soon overrun, cap- 

 turing Seville, Granada, Malaga, and other places, and driving the 

 Supreme Junta to Cadiz. On the 20th of February 1810, general 

 O'Donnell was defeated by marshal Augereau in Catalonia. On the 

 15th of June, marshal Massena arrived from France to take the com- 

 mand of the French armies. He immediately commenced the siege 

 of Ciudad Rodrigo, which fell on the 10th of July. On the 27th Al- 

 meida shared the same fate. On the 27th of August, lord Wellington, 



