55» PORTUGAL. 



depended entirely upon the pope, unless when a quarrel subsisted 

 between the courts ot Rome and Lisbon. Tne power of his noiiness 

 in Portugal has been of late so much curta led, that it is difficult to 

 describe the religious state of that country ; all we know is, that the 

 Toyai revenues are greatly increased, at the expence of the religious 

 institutions in the kingdom. The inquisition, so long the dread of 

 the people, and the greatest instrument of oppression, in the hands of 

 the king and clergy, has been lately abolished. 



The archbishoprics are two, Braga and Evora, and there are ten 

 bishoprics. The patriarch of Lisbon takes precedence of all the 

 bishops and archbishops in the kingdom, is first chaplain to the king, 

 and a cardinal of the consistory at Rome. His revenue amounts to 

 about 30,000/. sterling per annum, and the revenue of the patriarchal 

 church is above 1 1 4,000/. per annum. 



Literature. ...The men of learning which this country has pro- 

 duced are so few that they are mentioned with indignation, even by 

 those of the Portuguese themselves who have the smallest tinctum 

 of literature. Some efforts, though very weak, have of late been 

 made by a few, to draw their countrymen from this deplorable state 

 of ignorance. It is universally allowed, that the defect is not owing 

 to the want of genius, but of a proper education. The ancestors of 

 the present Portuguese were certainly possessed of more true know- 

 ledge, with regard to astronomy, geography, and navigation, than 

 perhaps any other European nation, about the middle of the 16th 

 century, and for some time after. Camoens, who himself was a great 

 adventurer and voyager, was possessed of a true, but neglected, 

 poetical genius. 



Universities. ...These are Coimbra, founded in 1291, by king 

 Dennis ; and which had fifty professors : but it has lately been put 

 under some new regulations; Evora, founded in 1559; and the col- 

 lege of the nobles at Lisbon. All the books that belonged to the 

 banished Jesuits, which compose a very large library, are kept in 

 this college. The English language is likewise taught here. There 

 is also a military and marine academy, where young gentlemen are 

 educattd in the science of engineering and naval tactics. 



Language. ..The Portuguese language differs but little from that 

 ©f Spain, and that provincially, many of the words being derived from 

 the Limosin, and other dialects of the south of France, The Lord's 

 Prayer is as follows : Padre nosso que estas nos ceos, sanctificado scio 

 9 tu nome ; venha a nos tuo rey?io, seia feita a tua votade,assi nos ceas, 

 eomo na terra. O fiao nosso de codidia,dano la ocinestro dia. E fierdoa 

 nos as 7iossas dexes cahir om tentacao, mas doamos a os nossos deve- 

 dores. E nao nos devidas, assi como nos fierlibra nos do mal. Amen. 



Antiquities.. ..The Roman bridge and aqueduct at Coimbra are 

 almost entire, and deservedly admired. The walls of Santarem are 

 said to be of Roman work likewise. At Evora are the ruins of a tem- 

 ple of Diana, and an aqueduct ascribed to the celebrated Quintus Ser- 

 torius. Near Braga are the remains of a temple supposed to have 

 been dedicated to JEsculapius. At Chaves have been discovered, not 

 long since, the ruins of a magnificent aqueduct, baths, cisterns, seve- 

 ral fragments of columns, and capitals, and cornices of jasper exqui- 

 sitely worked. There are also remains of Moorish castles and other 

 edifices. 



History. ...This kingdom comprehends the greatest part of the an- 

 cient Lusitaiya, and shared the same fate with the other Spanish 



