A NEW 

 GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, 



AND 



COMMERCIAL GRAMMAR; 



AND "PRESENT STATE OF THE 



SEVERAL KINGDOMS OF THE WORLD. 



CONTAINING, 



1. The Figures, Motions, and Distances of the 

 Planets, according to the Newtonian System. 

 and the latest Observations. 



2. A general View of the Earth, considered ns a 

 Planet ; with several useful Geographical Defi- 

 nitions ami Problems. 



3. The grand Divisions of the Globe into Land and 

 Water, Continents, and Islands. 



4. The Situation and Extent of Empires, K.ng- 

 doms. States. Provinces, and Colonies. 



5. Their Climate. Air. Soil. Vegetable Productions, 

 Metah Minerals. Natural Curiosities, Seas, Ri- 

 vers. Bays, Capes. Promontories, and L;.kes. 



6. The Birds and Beasts peculiar to each Coun- 

 try. 



7. Observations on the Changes that have been 

 am where observed upon the Face of Nature, 

 since ihe most early Periods of History. 



8. The History and origin of Nations, their Forms 

 of Government, Religion, Laws, Revenues, 

 Taxes. Naval and Military Strength, Orders of 

 Knighthood. &e. 



9. The Genius, Manners, Customs, and Habits of 

 the People. 



10. I heir Language. Learning, Arts, Sciences, Ma* 

 nufaetures, and Commerce. 



11. The Chief Cities, Structures, Ruins, and Artifi- 

 cial Curiosities. 



12 The Longitude, Latitude, Bearings, and Dis^ 

 tances of principal places from London. 



TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 



I. A GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX, WITH THE NAMES OF PLACES ALPHABETICALLY 



ARRANGED. 2. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF REMARKABLE EVENTS, 



FROM THE CREATION TO THE PRESENT TIME. 3. A LIST 



OF MEN OF LEARNING AND SCIENCE. 



BY WILLIAM GUTHRIETesQ. 



THE ASTRONOMICAL PART BY JAMES FERGUSON, F. R. S. 



TO WHICH HAVE BEEN ADDED 

 THE LATE DISCOVERIES OF DR. HERSCHEL, AND OTHER EMINENT ASTRONOMER?, 



ILLUSTRATED WITH TWENTYEIGHT CORRECT MAPS 



THE SECOND AMERICAN EDITION IMPROVED. 



IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II. 



PHILADELPHIA: 



P1BLISHKD BY JOHNSON & WARNER, AND FOR SALE AT THEIR BOOK STORES 

 IN PHILADELPHIA, AND RICHMOND VIRGINIA, 



